3. Presentation Outline
● Terms
● Activity
● Latino immigration history in the U.
S.
● Immigration trends in Minnesota
● Educational implications
● Closing
4. Diversity within Latino
community…
A An Americana heritage Mexicanto the USA to
People whoMexico.descent heritageLatin America.
citizen of have a cultural born in related
of Mexican
having citizen of related descent.
Mexican and who
Spain. primarily speak English.
Mexican-American
Hispanic
Latino
Chicano
Photo courtesy of Arnoldo Curiel. Used with
permission.
10. History of Latino Immigration to
the U.S
What happened
to the Mexicans
living in the
territory that
was taken by
the USA?
11. Early Immigration
1849: California Gold Rush
○ Americans flocked westward and Mexicans moved
north to find gold
○ Mexican Americans often lost their land to the
newcomers
“The California Gold Rush” from the American History frieze in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. Courtesy of The
Architect of the Capitol.
12. Early Immigration
● 1900 -1910 1 million
The Robert Runyon Photograph Collection, [00156], courtesy of The Center
immigrants
● 1910 - Revolution in
Mexico
resulted in widespread
for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.
violence; many fled
Mexico in search of
safety in the United
States
● Strong US economy
meant jobs were
available
13. Early Immigration
● 1920’s - After WW I,
USA restricted the
number of European
immigrants
● Short of labor, US
government and
businesses actively
encouraged Mexican
immigration
● 1980s - 1990s
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, George Grantham
700,000 Immigrants
Bain Collection, LC-USZ62-97491 per year
14. Poverty in Latin America
Over half of Latin people
live in poverty
○ Overcrowded homes
○ Huts with dirt floors
○ No running water, no
toilets
○ No electricity
○ No beds, no furniture
○ Malnutrition, hunger
Sueno by Diego Rivera. Used with permission.
15. Why do Latinos want to come to
the USA?
● Economy is better in
the USA
● To improve the lives of
family members—
better jobs and
education
● Better health care
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA-OWI
Collection, LC-USF34-016792-C
16. Why do Latinos want to come to
the USA?
● For women—
greater protection
under the laws
and more
opportunities for
education & jobs
● At times, to
escape violence at
home
● To escape
extreme poverty
La Molendera by Diego Rivera. Used with
permission.
18. Latino immigration to Minnesota
Latinos in Minnesota:
Cuban 2,527
Guatemala 1,684
Mexican 95,613
Puerto Rican 6,616
Salvadoran 2,005
(MN Census of 2000)
19. Minnesota Immigration Rates
Between 1990 and 2000 the immigrant
population increased by more than 130%,
compared with a 57% rise nationwide.
The 2010 Census shows a 75% increase in
the Hispanic population in Minnesota since
2000 (State Demographic Center).
20. Minnesota
work ● housing
L
○ agriculture ○ affordable
○ factories ○ social
○ labor services
● schools
○ programs ● family
○ magnetgs
22. Minnesota Schools
●Since 2003, the Latino student body
continues to grow at approximately 6% per
year in Minnesota.
● % increase Latino students
23. Achievement Gap in Minnesota
A clear disparity exists between Latino
students and their white counterparts.
Minnesota has one of the lowest graduation
rates in the country for Latinos at 53%.
28. Recommendations
● Culturally Responsive Teaching
● Sheltered Instruction for English Learners
(ELs) or co-taught content courses
● Bilingual, transitional bilingual, language
support
● The Dream Act
○ 2012 Election
31. Resources
American Memory: Historical Collections of the National Digital Library.
Immigration – Mexican. Updated 2003. Retrieved from the Internet April 2004
(memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/alt/mexican.html).
Fennelly, K. (2006). State and local policy response to immigration in Minnesota.
Hubert H. Humphrey Institute. Report to the Century Foundation, University of
Minnesota.
Gonzales, Manuel G. Mexicanos: A History of Mexicans in the United States.
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1999.
Lustig, Nora. Poverty in Mexico: An Empirical Analysis. January 1993. Retrieved
from the Internet April 2004 (www.nd.edu/~kellogg/WPS/188.pdf).
32. Resources
Lustig, Nora. Poverty in Mexico: An Empirical Analysis. January 1993. Retrieved
from the Internet April 2004 (www.nd.edu/~kellogg/WPS/188.pdf).
US Census Bureau. Hispanic Origin Population Density. Retrieved from the
Internet December 2003 (www.census.
gov/geo/www/mapGallery/images/hispanic.jpg).
US Department of State. Country Studies – Mexico, June 1996. Retrieved from the
Internet March 2004 (lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mxtoc.html).
2010 Census Results. http://www.mnplan.state.mn.us/demography. State
Demographic Center.
