The document is an introduction to a set of 50 flashcards on pulmonary disease and critical care created by Knowmedge for medical board exam preparation. Knowmedge is an online medical education platform that provides questions, flashcards, and mnemonics to help learners study for internal medicine board exams. The flashcards cover topics like pulmonary fibrosis, treating UTIs during pregnancy, distinguishing transudative and exudative effusions, fungal infections, ARDS, COPD, asthma, and others. The document encourages the reader to check out Knowmedge's full internal medicine question bank and learning resources at their website.

1. Pulmonary Disease & Critical Care
Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep
www.knowmedge.com
INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

2. K N O W M E D G E
INTERNALMEDICINEBOARDREVIEWFLASHCARDS
Pulmonary Disease & Critical Care
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4. Pulmonary fibrosis is a (restrictive or
obstructive?) disease
Question 1
Restrictive
Answer 1

5. What medication can be used to treat
UTI in a pregnant, penicillin-allergic
patient?
Question 2
Nitrofurantoin
Answer 2

6. What is the list of the criteria to help
differentiate transudative from
exudative effusions?
Question 3
Light's criteria
Answer 3

7. Greater than ___% eosinophils on
pleural fluid analysis is considered
eosinophilia
Question 4
10
Answer 4

8. In tuberculosis-associated effusions, the
characteristic WBC feature is greater
than ____% lymphocytes.
Question 5
50
Answer 5

9. In North America, diffuse splenic
calcification is almost always associated
with what fungal infection?
Question 6
Histoplasmosis (Cave disease)
Answer 6

10. What is the common cause of meningitis
in HIV/AIDS patients that can be seen as
budding yeast on India ink stain?
Question 7
Cryptococcus
Answer 7

11. Chest xray of what endemic fungal
infection seen in the Midwest US would
reveal thick walled cavities?
Question 8
Blastcomycosis
Answer 8

12. ARDS will cause bilateral pulmonary
infiltrates and when a pulmonary artery
catheterization is performed, the
pulmonary artery wedge pressure will be
less than __________
Question 9
18mmHg
Answer 9

13. What medication, used to treat Wilson’s
disease, can cause membranous
nephropathy?
Question 10
Penicillamine
Answer 10

14. What is the condition featuring elevated
urine 5-HIAA levels with diarrhea, right
sided heart failure, bronchospasm and
flushing?
Question 11
Carcinoid Tumor
Answer 11

15. Pneumonia with pleural effusion on the
left side is describing what condition?
Question 12
Parapneumonic effusion
Answer 12

16. Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis will
have a glucose level that is _____mg/dL
or less in the pleural fluid
Question 13
30mg/dL
Answer 13

17. Oxygen should be given if the patient is
exhibiting PaO2 less than ______mmHg
OR O2 saturation less than _____%
during rest, exercise or sleep.
Question 14
less than 55mmHg; less than 88%
Answer 14

18. Oxygen should be given if the patient is
exhibiting O2 saturation level less than
or equal to ___% with evidence of either
cor pulmonale or secondary
erythrocytosis
Question 15
0.89
Answer 15

19. How is diagnosis of pulmonary
sequestration made?
Question 16
Prenatal ultrasound
Answer 16

20. ____________ is incomplete
development of the lungs in the fetus,
which is incompatible with life.
Question 17
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Answer 17

21. HIV patients are more prone to
developing pneumonia from
Pneumocystis jiroveci when CD4 count is
less than ________
Question 18
200 T-cells
Answer 18

22. What condition is this describing?
"Associated with a urine protein:
creatinine ratio greater than 3.5 grams"
Question 19
Nephrotic Syndrome
Answer 19

23. True or False: Bronchiectasis that leads
to hypogammaglobulinemia is best
diagnosed with pulmonary function tests
Question 20
False; The best test to diagnose
bronchiectasis is high resolution CT
(HRCT) of the chest
Answer 20

24. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
typically occurs how long after the
patient has been mechanically
ventilated?
Question 21
48 - 72 hours
Answer 21

25. ____________ pneumonia is common in
alcoholics or diabetic patients and the
clue in the history would be sputum that
looks like currant jelly.
Question 22
Klebsiella pneumonia
Answer 22

26. Chlaymydophila pneumonia is most
often seen in patients of what age?
Question 23
Greater than 65 years of age
Answer 23

27. Pulmonary hypertension is defined as
increased pressure in the pulmonary
arteries greater than or equal to
____mmHg at rest or greater than or
equal to _____mmHg upon exertion.
Question 24
25mmHg; 30mmHg
Answer 24

28. Parapneumonic pleural effusions
generally arise as a result of which 3
conditions?
Question 25
Lung abscess, bronchiectasis, or
pneumonia
Answer 25

29. ________ study is the best way to
diagnose esophageal perforation or
rupture.
Question 26
Gastrografin
Answer 26

30. What is the most effective medication
for high altitude sickness?
Question 27
Acetazolamide
Answer 27

31. What diuretic acts on the thick ascending
limb of loop of Henle and is often used
for symptomatic relief in patients with
congestive heart failure?
Question 28
Furosemide
Answer 28

32. Which carbonic anhydrase inhibitor can
cause type II renal tubular acidosis?
Question 29
Acetazolamide
Answer 29

33. _________ is a condition in which there
is inflammation of the lungs due to an
accumulation of eosinophils and is often
caused by the Strongyloides organism.
Question 30
Loeffler’s syndrome
Answer 30

34. A patient presenting with the triad of
asthma, vasculitis and an elevated
eosinophil count would likely be
diagnosed with what condition?
Question 31
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Answer 31

35. What condition is associated with
increased eosinophils and IgE levels?
Question 32
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
(ABPA)
Answer 32

36. A respiratory rate greater than what
level is an indication for NPPV?
Question 33
25/min
Answer 33

37. What is the FEV1/FVC value below which
a diagnosis of COPD can be made?
Question 34
70
Answer 34

38. What is the normal value of a diffusing
capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)
test?
Question 35
A normal value is 80%. With COPD
patients, we would expect to see a
reduced DLCO value due to damage to
lung tissue.
Answer 35

39. On pulmonary function testing, patient's
FEV1/FVC is calculated at 65% with FEV1
at 55%. What severity of COPD does he
have?
Question 36
Moderate
Answer 36

40. What is the most likely reason for a
COPD patient to develop hypoxemia?
Question 37
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch
Answer 37

41. Individuals who develop COPD at an
early age (especially less than 45 years)
should be checked for what deficiency?
Question 38
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
Answer 38

42. The spirometric criteria for a diagnosis of
COPD is a postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC
ratio less than what percent?
Question 39
0.7
Answer 39

43. What is the most effective treatment for
allergic asthma refractory to high-dose
inhaled steroids and beta-2 agonist
therapy?
Question 40
Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized
monoclonal antibody to IgE
Answer 40

44. Which immunoglobulin levels are usually
elevated in allergic asthma?
Question 41
IgE
Answer 41

45. What is the FEV1 for intermittent
asthma?
Question 42
> 80%
Answer 42

46. An eosinophil count greater what
percent on CBC is sufficient to state that
the patient has eosinophilia.
Question 43
0.1
Answer 43

47. _________ blood test is helpful in ruling
out PE in the low-risk population and
should be used if suspicion of PE is low.
Question 44
D-Dimer
Answer 44

48. Basal bullous changes on chest xray is
associated with what condition?
Question 45
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
Answer 45

49. Chylous effusion is pleural fluid that
contains Triglycerides greater than
______mg/dL
Question 46
115mg/dL
Answer 46

50. What condition is associated with people
involved in sandblasting or stone and
granite cutting?
Question 47
Silicosis
Answer 47

51. What pulmonary condition is often
associated with metal workers?
Question 48
Berylliosis
Answer 48

52. With Sarcoidosis, what would you expect
the CD4:CD8 ratio to be on a
bronchoalveolar lavage?
Question 49
Greater than 4:1
Answer 49

53. True or False: Sarcoidosis is an
obstructive lung disease
Question 50
False; Sarcoidosis is a restrictive lung
disease
Answer 50

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