This document discusses the contiguity principle of multimedia design, which states that related information should be presented together in a synchronized manner rather than separated. It outlines two specific contiguity principles: 1) place printed words near corresponding graphics, and 2) synchronize spoken words with corresponding graphics. It describes common violations of these principles, such as separating text from graphics or separating graphics and narration. It concludes by explaining the psychological reasons why the contiguity principle improves learning.

1. THE CONTIGUITY
PRINCIPLE
OF MULTIMEDIA DESIGN
By Kelly Knachel

2. Presentation Segments &
Navigation
 Learning Outcomes
 Big Picture: Key Words and Concepts
 Contiguity Principle #1
 Violations of Contiguity Principle #1
 Contiguity Principle 2
 Violations of Contiguity Principle 2
 Psychological Reasons for the Contiguity
Principle
 Summary

3. Learning Outcomes
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4. Big Picture: Key Words and
Concepts
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5. Contiguity Principle #1
Place Printed Words Near
Corresponding Graphics
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6. Contiguity Principle 1
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7. Violations of Contiguity Principle
#1
Seven Common Violations
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8. Avoid Separation of Text and Graphics
on Scrolling Screens
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9. Avoid Separation of Feedback from
Questions or Responses
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10. Avoid Separating Lesson Screens
with Linked Windows
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11. Avoid Presenting Exercise Directions
Separate From the Exercise
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12. Avoid Displaying Captions at the
Bottom of Screens
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13. Avoid Simultaneous Display of
Animations and Related Text
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14. Avoid Using a Legend to Indicate
the Parts of a Graphic
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15. Contiguity Principle 2
Synchronize Spoken Words with
Corresponding Graphics
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16. Contiguity Principle 2
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17. Violations of Contiguity Principle
2
Two common violations
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18. Avoid Separation of Graphics and
Narration Through Icons
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19. Avoid Separation of Graphics and
Narration in a Continuous
Presentation
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20. Psychological Reasons for the
Contiguity Principle
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21. Summary
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