this presentation highlights on elections and tier history in india

2. An election is a formal decision-
making process by which a
population chooses an individual to
hold public office.

3. HISTOR
YOF ELECTIONS IN INDIA

4. India has a federal government.
The head of government, Prime
Minister, is elected by the members
of Lok Sabha. All members of Lok
Sabha except two, who can be
nominated by president of India,
are elected by the direct elections.
Members of Rajya Sabha are
elected by elected members of the
legislative assemblies.
In 2009, the elections
involved an electorate of 714
million. Declared expenditure
has trebled since 1989 to
almost $300 million, using
more than one million
electronic voting machines.

5. Lok Sabha represents Anglo-
Indian community, currently
having members 545
members.
Rajya Sabha has 245 members. The members are
indirectly elected, being achieved by the votes of
legislators in the state and union territories.
The Parliament of India comprises the head of state and
the two Houses rajya sabha and lok sabha.

6. Political parties that wish to contest local, state or
national elections are required to be registered. Here
are few political parties that contest in the elections
at national level:
Bahujan Samaj Party Elephant
Bharatiya Janata Party Lotus
Communist Party of India Sickle
Indian National Congress Hand
Nationalist Congress Party Clock

7. Chairman: Sonia Gandhi
Leader of lok sabha: sushilkumar shindhe
Leader of rajya sabha: manmohan singh
Founded: december28, 1885

8. Leader in Lok Sabha: Sushma Swaraj
Leader in Rajya Sabha: Arun Jaitley
Chairperson: rajnath singh
Founded: December 1980

9. BAHUJAN
SAMAJ PARTY
Chairperson: mayawati
Leader in Lok Sabha: Rajesh Verma
Leader in Rajya Sabha: Mayawati
Founded:1984

10. COMMUNIST
Secretary General:
S.Sudhakar Reddy
Founded:
December 26, 1925

11. NATIONALIST
CONGRESS PARTY
Chairperson: sharad panwar

12. HISTORY OF POLITICAL
PARTIESThe dominance of the Indian
National Congress was broken for
the first time in 1977, with the
defeat of the party led by Indira
Gandhi. A similar coalition, led by
VP Singh came in power in 1989.
It lost its steam in 1990.the
parties like the TDP and the
AIADMK had been strong regional
contenders, the parties like Lok
Dal, Samajwadi Party, Bahujan
Samaj Party and the Janata Dal
came in 1990s.
Presently, the United Progressive
Alliance led by the Congress Party
is in power, Manmohan Singh was
re-elected the Prime Minister of
India.

13. An election is a contest between different
candidates from various parties out of
which the voters elect one as their
representative. There may also be
independent candidates taking part in the
election. There are following stages in the
electoral process:

14. 1.DELIMITATIONOF
CONSTITUENCIES
First of all the entire
area-the whole country
in the case of Lok
Sabha elections and of
that particular State
in the case of
Legislative Assembly
elections-is divided
into as many
constituencies as there
are seats.
2.PREPARATIONOF
VOTER’S LIST
After the demarcation
of constituency, the
voters' list of each
constituency is prepared
and published.

15. 3.FILLING OF
NOMINATION
PAPER
The dates of election, filing of nomination
papers and withdrawals are fixed by the
Election Commission. Any person, who wants
to fight the election, can file his nomination
papers. Every candidate has to deposit some
security along with his nomination papers.
4.SCRUNITY OF
NOMINATION FORMAND
WITHDRAWAL
A date is fixed for the scrutiny of
all the nomination papers. If the
nomination papers of any
candidate are found to be not in
order, they are rejected.

16. 5.ELECTION
CAMPAIGN
The next stage in the election is the election
campaign by the candidates and political parties.
Posters are distributed, meetings are held and
speeches are delivered. it ends 48 hours before
the election. It should be according to the
election laws, no party or candidate can:
(i) bribe or threaten the voters.
(ii) appeal to the voters in the name of caste or
religion.
(iii) use government resources for election
campaign.
(iv) spend more than 25 lakhs for a Lok Sabha
Election and Rs. 10 lakh for an Assembly
Election.
In case they indulge in any of the above practices
their election can be annulled by the court.

17. On the date fixed earlier, voting takes
place. For voting, election booths are set
up. Voters go to the polling booths and
cast their votes for the candidates of their
choice. Voting is held by secret ballot.
These days Electronic Voting Machines
(EVM) is used to record votes. EVM has
the names of the candidates and their
election symbols. The voters have to press
the button against the name and symbol
of the candidate they wish to vote for.
6.VOTING

18. 7.COUNTING OF VOTE AND
DECLARATION OF RESULT
the ballot boxes are opened
before the candidates or their
agents and votes are counted
under the supervision of the
returning officer. A
candidate who gets the
highest number of votes is
declared elected.
If any candidate feels that the
election in his Constituency
has not been held properly, he
can file an election petition in
the Court. If the objections
raised are found to be correct
the court can set aside that
election. In that Constituency,
the election will be held again.
8.ELECTION
PETITION

19. THE ELECTION
COMMISION
The Election Commission of India is
federal authority responsible for all
the electoral processes in India. It
supervise elections in India. The
Election Commission has the power
of superintendence, direction and
control of all elections. The
commission consists of a Chief
Election Commissioner (CEC) and
two Election Commissioners (EC),
appointed by the President of
India. The current CEC is
V.S.Sampath.