2. Content
Introduction
Fire Protection
Water Resistant Construction
Thermal Insulation
Acoustical Construction
Anti Termite Treatment
3. Introduction
Normally the structural engineerdesign the building
to carry various loads acting on it safely without failure
the various components of building including
foundation is taken extreme care while designing in
construction stages.
However for safety and comfort of the occupants, a
building must be given some additional treatments,
these treatmentsare called special treatments.
4. Fire Protection - General
The following facts in connection with fire protection
in building should be remembered:
It’s too expensive to make all the building fully
protected against fire.
Itdoesn’t necessarily follow thata nonecombustible
material possesses more power to resist fire.
The main purposeof making a building fire resistant
is to protect life, goods, and activitieswithin the
building
The degree of fire resistance required will largely
depend on the useof building
5. In case of fire hazard, the danger is from fire, smoke
and panic.
The means of scape from fire should be located in
such away that they remain unobstructed by smoke
or fumes
6. Causes Of Fire
Smoking is unauthorized places
Electrical faultyof wiring and shortcircuiting
Heating and cooking equipments
Playing with matches
Open flame and sparks
Flammable liquids
Chimneys
Lighting
Spontaneouscombustion
7. Effects Of Fire
Carbon Monoxide(CO)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Hydrogen Sulphide(H2S)
Nitrogen Sulphide (NS)
8. Fire Hazard
The nature of damages and dangers caused
by fire can be broadly
types:
1. Personal Hazard
2. Damage Hazard
3. Exposure Hazard
divided into three
9. Personal Hazard
It is the hazard to the occupants of the
building. This dangercan be taken care of
by providing adequate means of escape for
the occupants, so that they can reach the
place of safety in the shortest possible time
in the event of the fire.
10.
11. Damage Hazard
The hazard to the structureand its contentsand
components is called damage hazard
12. Exposure Hazard
The hazard due to the spread of fire toother buildings
is called exposure hazards.
14. Water Resistant Construction (Damp
Proofing)
Causes of dampness:
Rising of moisture from the ground1.
2. Action of rain
3. Rain penetration from topof walls
4. Condensation
5. Miscellaneous causes
15.
16. Materials Used For Damp Proofing
Hot Bitumen1.
2. Mastic Asphalt
3. Bituminous felts
4. Metal Sheets
5. Stone
6. Breaks
7. Mortar
8. Cement Concrete
9. Plastic Sheets
18. Thermal Insulation
The term thermal insulation is used to indicate the
construction or provisions by way of which
transmission of heat from or in the room is retarded.
22. Acoustical Construction
The knowledge of
functional design:
Theatres
acoustics is necessary for the proper
1.
2. Cinema halls
3. Auditoriums
4. Conference halls
5. Hospitals, etc
24. Requirements of a good acoustic material
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should
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have high coefficient of absorption.
be relativelycheapand available.
give pleasing apperance.
be efficient.
be fire resistant.
be self supporting.
have sufficientstructural strength.
be heat insulating material.
not be liable toattack by insects.
be durable.
26. Anti-Termite Treatment
The term termite
proofing is used to
indicate the treatment
which is given to a
building so as to
prevent the growth of
termite in a building.
27. Anti Termite can be divided into two categories:
A)Pre construction treatment
Site preparation1.
2. Soil treatment
3. Structural barriers
B)Postconstruction treatment