6. Pathogenesis of Type I DM Environment ? Viral infection ? Genetic HLA-DR3/DR4 Severe Insulin deficiency Ă cell Destruction Type I DM Autoimmune Insulitis
7.
8. Pathogenesis of Type II DM Environment Obesity ? Ă cell defect Genetic Ă cell exhaustion Type II DM Insulin resistance Relative Insulin Deficiency IDDM Abnormal Secretion
9. Comparison Type 1 Type 2 Clinical onset <20 years onset >30 years  normal weight obesity  decreased blood insulin normal or increased blood insulin  anti-islet cell antibodies no anti-islet cell antibodies Genetics ketoacidosis common ketoacidosis rare  human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-D linked No HLA association Pathogenesis autoimmunity, immunopathologic mechanisms insulin resistance  severe insulin deficiency relative insulin deficiency Islet Cells insulitis early no insulitis  marked atrophy and fibrosis focal atrophy and amyloid deposits  severe beta-cell depletion mild beta-cell depletion