The document discusses the steps an auditor should take when auditing different types of business concerns. The auditor should verify receipts and payments, cash balances, closing stock, depreciation methods, debtors and creditors, provisions, investments, contingent liabilities, sales, taxation provisions, capital vs revenue expenditures, unusual expenses, and legal formalities. The auditor should also check resolutions, previous audit reports, wages, prepaid/accrued items, and agreements.

1. The business concerns can be classified into manufacturing, financial and non profit organizations. The textile mills and sugar mill are treated as manufactures of products for consumers. The banks and insurance companies are financial institutions they provide variety of services to the customers. Club is a non profit concern. 01:32 PM

2. The income statements and balance sheets are prepared in different ways . Many new institutions like textile mills, paper mills, newspaper , companies, cinemas and hotels carry on different nature of transaction that arise due to routine working. 01:32 PM

3. The banks are registered under the companies ordinance 1984. The working of banks as governed by banking companies ordinance 1962. Insurance companies act 1938. The sugar mills and textile mill are operating under companies ordinance 1984. 01:32 PM

4. COMMON POINTS of various concerns What steps should be taken by an auditor while auditing ------------ concern? Or special points involved in the audit of different concerns. 01:32 PM

5. 2.COPY OF RESOLUTION: the auditor should check that all those decisions that were decided are implemented and rules and regulations are followed in completion of accounts. 3.PREVIOUS YEAR AUDIT REPORT: The auditor should check the previous audit report and if any qualification found he should pay special attention towards it. 01:32 PM

6. 4.Verification of RECEIPTS: The auditor should check the receipts of cash from various sources. He should see that correct amount has been entered. 5.Verification of PAYMENTS: The auditor should check the payments made to various parties. He must verify that all expenses made were for the business purposes . 01:32 PM

7. 6.Verfication of CASH IN HAND: The auditor should examine the cash in hand with the cash book and petty cash book. The actual cash must tally with cash book figures. 7.BANK BALANCE: The auditor should verify the bank balance with the certificates obtained from the banks and with the help of pass book. 01:32 PM

8. 8.CLOSING STOCK: The auditor should see that the stock in hand has been valued properly as shown in the balance sheet. 9.DEPRECIATION: The auditor should examine that what method and rate is applied for depreciation and either depreciation rate is applied in appropriate manner. He should also examine that is there any amount set aside for this purpose. 01:32 PM

9. 10.SUNDRY DEBTORS: The auditor should check the debtor’s name and addresses. He should write letter for confirmation of the balance. 11.SUNDRY CREDITORS: The auditor should verify the creditors of the business concerns and their balances too. 12.PROVISION FOR BAD DEBTS: The auditor must check that the proper provision has been made for bad and doubtful debts in the books of accounts. 01:32 PM

10. 13.INVESTMENT: The auditor should verify the existence of investment. It may include shares, debentures, bonds and government securities. The investment should be valued at cost or market price whichever is lower. 14.CONTINGENT LIABILITIES: If there is any contingent liability a foot note must be given in the Balance Sheet indicating what they are. The auditor should also see that either mention liability is really contingent liability. 01:32 PM

11. 15.SALES: The auditor should check the entries in the sales journal with the duplicate invoices. He should compare the invoices with the copy of the orders received. 16.PROVISION FOR TAXATION: The auditor should see that adequate provision has been made for the tax payable by the company or any other business organization. 01:32 PM