2. INTRODUCTION
Securitization is nothing but liquifying
assetscomprising loans and receivables of
aninstitution through systematic issuance
of financial instruments.
It is a carefully structured process wherebyloans
and other receivables are packaged,underwritten
and sold in the form of AssetBacked Securities.
4. SECURITIZATION PROCESS
Selection of assets by the Originator
Packaging of pool of loans and advances (assets)
Underwriting by underwriters.
Assigning or selling to of assets to SPV in return for cash
Conversion of the assets into divisible securities
SPV sells them to investors through private stock market in return
for cash
Investors receive income and return of capital from the assets over
the life time of the securities
The risk on the securities owned by investors is minimized as the
securities are collateralized by assets
The difference between the rate of the borrowers and the return
promised to investors is the servicing fee for originator and the
SPV .
Assets to be securitized to be homogeneous in terms of underlying
assets ,maturity period ,cash flow profile
5. 5
PROCESS OF SECURITISATION
Originator
Obligors
SPV
special
purpose
entity
2.Assigns
Cash flow
Investors
1. Cash flow before
securitisation
4. Proceeds of
issue of securities
3. Issues
securities/ notes
5.Collection and servicing
6.Passes over to SPV,
less fees
Reinvestment
contract
7. Reinvestment/liquidity
buffer
8. Reinvestment
proceeds/liquidity
facility
9. Payments to
investors
10. Originator’s
residuary
profit
4. Proceeds
of sale of
receivables
Security
trustee
5.Collection and servicing
7. Reinvestment/liquidity
buffer
6. PLAYERS IN SECURITISATION
Obligor
Originator
Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)
Credit Rating Agency
Underwriter
Investors
Agent and Trustee
Enhancer/Insurer/Guarantor
7. WHY SECURITISATION
Lower cost - inherent cost and weighted average cost
Alternative investor base -institutional and retail
Matching of assets and liabilities
Issuer rating irrelevant
Multiplies asset creation ability
Non-conventional source; may allow higher funding-
Off-balance sheet financing - removal of accounts
Frees up regulatory capital
Improves capital structure
Higher trading on equity with no increased risk
7
9. SECURITISABLE ASSETS
Term Loans
Commercial Loans
Receivables From Government
Vehicle Loans
Lease Finance
Mortgage Loans
Credit Cards Receivables
10. SOME EXAMPLES OF
SECURITISATION IN THE INDIA
First securitisation deal in India between Citibank and GIC Mutual Fund in 1991 for
Rs 160 mn
L&T raised Rs 4,090 mn through the securitisation of future lease rentals to raise
capital for its power plant in 1999.
India’s first securitisation of personal loan by Citibank in 1999 for Rs 2,841 mn.
India’s first mortgage backed securities issue (MBS) of Rs 597 mn by NHB and
HDFC in 2001.
Securitisation of aircraft receivables by Jet Airways for Rs 16,000 mn in 2001
through offshore SPV.
India’s first sales tax deferrals securitisation by Govt of Maharashtra in 2001 for Rs
1,500 mn.
India’s first deal in the power sector by Karnataka Electricity Board for receivables
worth Rs 1,940 mn and placed them with HUDCO.
India’s first Collateralised Debt Obligation (CDO) deal by ICICI bank in 2002
India’s first floating rate securitisation issuance by Citigroup of Rs 2,810 mn in
2003. The fixed rate auto loan receivables of Citibank and Citicorp Finance India
included in the securitisation
India’s first securitisation of sovereign lease receivables by Indian Railway Finance
Corporation (IRFC) of Rs 1,960 mn in 2005. The receivables consist of lease
amounts payable by the ministry of railways to IRFC
India’s largest securitisation deal by ICICI bank of Rs 19,299 mn in 2007. The
underlying asset pool was auto loan receivables.
11. BENEFITS OF SECURITISATION
Additional Source Of Fund (For Originator)
Greater Profitability
Spreading Of Risk
Higher Rate Of Return
Prevention Of Idle Capital
Provision of Multiple Instruments
12. CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL
SECURITISATION
Assets need to be selected carefully
Credit ratings
SPV and originator should be separateparties
The instruments arising out of securitisationmust be
listed in stock exchanges
Standardized loan documents
Proper guidelines
13. ISSUES FACING THE INDIAN
SECURITISATION MARKET
Stamp Duty
Foreclosure Laws
Taxation related issues
Issues under the SARFAESI Act
Legal Issues
14. REASONS FOR UNPOPULARITY
OF SECURITISATION IN INDIA
New Concept
Heavy stamp duty and registration fees
Cumbersome Transfer Procedures
Difficulty in assignment of debts
Absence of standardised loan documentation
Inadequate credit rating facilities
Absence of proper guidelines
15. CONCLUSION
On the whole, securitisation in India seems to be
accelerating in its development. More and more institutions
start participating in the market and the scope of securitised
assets is steadily growing. Only in 2004 the average
securitisation deal doubled, amounting to £50 million. The
financial structure of agreements is getting more complicated
in order to suit new types of investors. However, problems
still remain. One of the most important of them is legislation
which lags behind the hovering securitisation market.
Authorities respond to new demands with great delay and not
always properly. Nonetheless, the perspectives of the Indian
securitisation market are fascinating. With the second largest
population in the world mortgage-backed securities and auto
loans are doomed to play a great role in India.