This slide will give insight about climate change and climate smart agriculture

1. &

2. CLIMATE SMART
AGRICULTURE
Presented by:
Subodh Khanal
Asst. Professor
Paklihawa Campus
Institute of Agriculture and Animal
Science

3. Provincial governments have started in some villages.

4. Weather and climate are not the same thing

5. What is weather??????
• Short termed
• Limited area
• Can change rapidly
• Difficult to predict
It is what’s happening outside
your window right now

6. So what is climate
Average of many years weather data
Long term
Wide area
Seasonal changes
Measured over a long span of time

7. What is

8. Solar radiation and heat budget

9. So what is GREENHOUSE effect????

10. greenhouse gases

11. Feedback loop

12. What if….no greenhouse effect??
-223 c 148.88 c

13. What if more greenhouse effect??
457.22 C

14. We are blessed to be a part of it, isn’t it???
Average temperature is 30 C
If no GH effect: -18 C (0F)

15. Remember

18. Causes of climate change
• Natural
Sunspot and strength of sun
Change in earth orbit
Change in orientation of earth
orbit(every 41000 years from
22.1 degrees to 24.5 degrees )
Meteorites
Plate tectonics
Volcanic eruptions
• Anthropogenic
Land use changes
Deforestation
Industries
Emissions

21. Scenario of Nepal • 0.03% of World Land
• 118 ecosystem
• 35 forest type
• 25% on poverty line
• 0.06 degree Celsius/year
• 25 glacier lakes on danger of outburst
• 500+ million downstream in danger
• Rs. 4 billion damage by flood/landslides
and disasters
• 10% land barren due to deficit in fertility
and moisture
• 9.7% affected by drought
• 12-15 types forests destroyed by fires
• 5-20% shortfall in production

23. Agriculture is responsible for 75% of world’s
deforestation
Agriculture is the largest contributor of non CO2 GHG
emission (56%)
Livestock contribute to 14.5% of GHG emission
values of CO2, CH4 and N2O constitute, respectively, 146%,
257% and 122% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels.

24. Cereal productivity to decrease by 20-40% by 2100
Increase in temperature decreases yield of wheat.
Excessive temperature rise increase sterility in rice.
Rice production in rainfed area is vulnerable.

25. Need to know………

27. Agriculture as part of solution
• Organic farming (enhance carbon storage in soil)
• Increase carbon sequestration through land management
• Rotations with cover crops, green manure
• Agroforestry
• Conservation tillage: reduce carbondioxide emission by 5-15%
• Irrigation efficiency reduces fossil fuel consumption
• Maximum energy efficiency and using renewable energy sources
• carbon farming :plant can act as carbon sink
• Rotational grazing
• Supporting farmer market and local food
• Pushing for climate friendly practices

28. What is climate smart
agriculture?

29. Objectives of climate smart
agriculture

31. Minimum soil disturbance is ideal
but may involve controlled tillage
where <20% of soil is disturbed.
CSA use 30% permanent organic soil
cover as minimum but ideal level is to
be site specific.
Reduce build up of weeds, pests and
diseases
If less land do intercropping
Legumes are recommended

32. DIMENSION OF CSA
• Weather smart
• Water smart
• Carbon smart
• Nutrient smart
• Energy smart
• Knowledge smart

33. Weather smart
Weather smart: weather
forecasts, ICT based agro
advisories ,index based
insurance, climate analogues

35. Water smart
On farm water management
Community management of
water

36. SRI technology
Drip irrigation
Direct seeded rice
Raised beds

37. Carbon smart
Agroforestry (above) , land use system
(below)
Conservation tillage
Livestock management

38. Nutrient smart
Precise placement of nutrients

39. Energy smart
No burning
Fuel efficient engines

40. Knowledge smart
F2f learning
CSB
Kitchen garden
Off farm risk management
Market information

41. Crop and livestock management

43. Gender aspect of CSA
• CSA is integrated approach
• Women: 43% of ag. Labor force
in developing countries.
• Conduct gender analysis
• Identify women group
• Training and support for
leadership, negotiation ,
communication and business
skills
• Awareness related to gender

46. Important aspect is

47. THANK YOU !!!!!

48. Sources
• https://www.un.org/pga/71/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2017/02/IPCC-
PowerPoint-presentation.pdf
• https://www.slideshare.net/pacorz/climate-change-powerpoint
• https://www.slideshare.net/virenderchhachhiya/climate-change-40874811
• https://www.slideshare.net/haneefahmad2/green-house-effect-
presentation-70503894
• https://www.slideshare.net/Nabiilah/causes-and-effects-of-climate-change
• https://www.slideshare.net/tmthatchupeacefeul/climate-smart-
agriculture-74290266
• https://ccafs.cgiar.org/bigfacts/#theme=food-emissions
• Documents & twitter from Food and agricultural organization