Metamaterial is an arrangement of artificial structural elements, designed to achieve advantageous and unusual electromagnetic properties meta = beyond (Greek)

1. Khalid Saeed Lateef Al Badri

2. L.I. Mandelshtam described negative refraction and
backward propagation of waves in his textbook published
in 1944.[7]
Left handed materials , characterized by negative effective
value of refractive index. These materials were theoretically
predicted in 1967 by Veselago [7]
Pendry group, In 1999, they open the door to design
Metamaterial by there design array of split ring resonator
and mesh wire.

3. The
electromagnetic
response of a
material is
defined by its
electromagnetic
properties:
permittivity  and

5. Normal water
 = 1.7,  = 1
NIM water*
 = -1.3,  = -1.3
*Gunnar Dolling, et. al., Opt. Exp.14, 1842 (2006)Perfect Lens (Pendry, 2000)
Light
deflection
n >
0
n <
0
Light
focusing
Metamaterials: artificially engineered materials
possessing electro-magnetic properties that do not
exist in naturally occurring materials.

6. •Left-hand media
•Media with negative refraction index
•Backward-wave media
•Double-negative (DNG) metamaterials

9. In naturally exiting substances permittivity and permiability
are positve (except the cases of noble metals like gold silver
etc where permitivitty is negative for certain range of
frequency).
0
0




Now lets consider that :
( )( )effn     n   

10. • So we see that a negative refractive
index can be obtained in principle if
both permittivity and permeability are
negative simultaneously.
• This makes the left hand material.
• Why we want negative refractive index

14. • The famous
SRR(split ring
resonator suggested
by Sir Pendry)
• First Realized by
D.R Smith group in
2001.

15. • Motivation: metallic
behavior at GHz
frequencies
• Problem: the dielectric
response is negatively
(close to) infinite
• Solution: “dilute” the
metal
2
2
a
r
nn eneff


m
ene
p
0
2
2

 
eff
eff
effp
m
en
0
2
2
,

 

16. • Periodicity or inclusions much smaller than
wavelength
• 2+1D or 1+2D (dimensions of variations)
• Effective dielectric response determined
by filling fraction f

17. λa 