5. Land Use Northwestern Highlands – old mountains, not fertile North European Plains – very fertile, much farming Central Uplands – plateaus and mountains, rocky soil
7. Danube Europe’s 2nd longest river Passes through 9 countries, 1770 miles Only European river flowing W to E
8. Rhine Sourced by glacier melt in Swiss Alps Flows NW to the North Sea Very important for commerce
9. Climate Moderate – cool winters and mild summers North Atlantic Current – warms coastal areas and increases precipitation Mountains – air rising along mountains causes more precipitation in countries to the west Biome – Mostly deciduous forests
10. Natural Resources Agriculture Loess – sandy, fertile soil Water Rivers provide source for hydroelectric power Water used for irrigation, drinking, sanitation, transportation Minerals UK - natural gas, oil, coal Germany – coal France – iron ore
12. United Kingdom Capital: London Language: English Climate: Temperate, rainy Government: Unitary Parliamentary Democracy & Constitutional Monarchy Economy: Free market, large economy, important to worldwide finance Currency: Pound Sterling Geology: Island nation, lowlands, low mountains, rolling hills 4 Countries in 1 – England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales
13. United Kingdom Religion Connection between church and state 72% Christian 15% no religion 4% Muslim
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16. France Capital: Paris Language: French Climate: Mostly temperate, Mediterranean along southeast, oceanic in west, continental in inland regions, alpine in the Alps Government: Unitary Semi-Presidential Republic Economy: Mixed economy, wealthy Currency: Euro, Franc Geology: Large with wide variety of landscapes #1 tourist destination in world
17. FrancE Religion Secular by Constitution 51% Catholic 31% claim no religion 9% Muslim 3% Protestant
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20. Belgium Capital: Brussels Language: Dutch, French, German Climate: Maritime temperate, rainy Government: Federal parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy Economy: Open, globalized economy, 15th largest trading nation Currency: Euro Geology: Coastal plain, central plateau, Ardennes uplands
23. The Netherlands(Holland) Capital: Amsterdam Language: Dutch Climate: Moderate and marine Government: Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy Economy: Strong economy, leading exporter Currency: Euro Geology: Low-lying – 25% below sea level, 50% less than 1 meter above sea level,
24. The Netherlands Religion Extremely secular 39% religiously affiliated 29% Catholic 15% Protestant 5% Muslim Unique Characteristics Polders – low-lying areas enclosed by dikes, independent hydrological entity – reclaimed land, flood plains, or marshes Dikes – natural or artificial slope or wall used to control water level Windmills – Used to pump water out of lowlands
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27. Luxembourg Capital: Luxembourg Language: Luxembourgish, French, German Climate: Oceanic with high precipitation Government: Unitary Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy Economy: stable, high-income, low inflation, low unemployment, highest per capita GDP Currency: Euro Geology: Very small, diverse terrain
28. Luxembourg Religion Secular state Government cannot collect data on religious beliefs or practices Estimates hold: 44% theistic 22% atheistic Mostly Catholic
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30. Germany Capital: Berlin Language: German Climate: Temperate Seasonal, warmed by Gulf Stream Government: Federal Parliamentary Republic Economy: social market economy, largest economy in Europe Currency: Euro Geology: Large, mountains in S, coast in N, forested uplands, low-lands
31. Germany Religion 45% believe in God 25% believe in Jesus Christ 60% Christian – split evenly between Protestant and Catholic 35% have no religious affiliation 5% Muslim
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34. Austria Capital: Vienna Language: German Climate: Cool/temperate, alpine in Alps Government: Federal Parliamentary Republic Economy: social market economy, wealthy, high standard of living Currency: Euro Geology: largely mountainous, mostly very high altitude
35. Austria Religion 74% Catholic 5% Protestant All Christians required to pay church tax (about 1% of income)
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38. Liechtenstein Capital: Vaduz Language: German Climate: Alpine but mild due to wind Government: Constitutional Monarchy Economy: free enterprise, highly developed, more companies than citizens Currency: Swiss Franc Geology: Very small, completely in Alps *Population about 35,000
41. Switzerland Capital: Bern Language: German, French, Italian Climate: Temperate but varies by location Government: Federal Republic Economy: one of the most capitalist economies in the world, stable, secure, wealthy Currency: Swiss Franc Geology: Mountains to South, many lakes, open and hilly to North
42. Switzerland Religion No official state religion Mainly Christian 42% Catholic 36% Protestant 4% Muslim
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45. Monaco Capital: Monaco Language: French Climate: warm Mediterranean Government: Constitutional Monarchy, Principality Economy: mainly tourism, high standard of living, gambling (citizens may not), no personal income tax Currency: Euro
46. Monaco Geology: 2nd smallest country in world, About .75 square miles, along coast *Population: Approximately 30,500 Religion Official – Roman Catholic 5 churches, 1 cathedral Freedom to choose other 1 Anglican church 1 Jewish synagogue
