Heat and cold stress ppt

1. HEAT STRESS
1293 Airport Road
Beaver, WV 25813
Phone: (304) 253-8674
Fax: (304) 253-7758
E-mail: hazmat@iuoeiettc.org
Vincent J. Giblin, General President

2. This material was produced under grant number
46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration, U.S. Department of
Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views
or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
does mention of trade names, commercial
products, or organizations imply endorsement by
the U.S. Government.

3. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
RECENT HEAT RELATED DEATHS
Korey Stringer 7-31-01
– 27 Yrs Old 6’3” 335 lbs
Eraste Autin 7-25-01
– 18 Yrs Old 6’2” 250 lbs
Preston Birdsong 8-13-00
– 18 Yrs Old 5’11” 190 lbs

4. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
COMMON FACTORS
(Worker vs. Athlete)
Protective clothing
Focus on task at hand
Job security concerns
Desire to succeed
Desire to be accepted
Machismo
Peer pressure
Delayed thirst mechanism

5. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
U.S. HEAT STROKE STATS
At least 300 deaths/year
7421 deaths from 1979-1998
1700 deaths in 1980 alone
Causes more deaths annually than
hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods, and
earthquakes combined
18 high school and college football player
deaths since 1995

6. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
TO OVERHEATING
English Translation:
What happens when you get
too dang hot

7. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
“TOO DANG HOT RESULTS”
Excessive sweat loss results in dehydration
The body loses its ability to cool
Increased blood flow to skin causes
decrease in organ function

8. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
HEAT-RELATED ILLNESSES
HEAT CRAMPS
HEAT EXHAUSTION
HEAT STROKE

9. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
HEAT CRAMPS
Caused by excessive loss of electrolytes
Early warning sign of heat stress
Painful cramps usually in legs or abdomen
Stop activity, hydrate, rest in cool place
Get medical attention if condition continues

10. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
HEAT EXHAUSTION
The body’s response to excessive water
and electrolyte loss
Stop activity and seek treatment
immediately

11. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
HEAT STROKE
The body’s cooling mechanism shuts down
50% that reach the heat stroke stage die
even with medical attention

12. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
LIVE OR DIE?
HEAT EXHAUSTION
 Skin is pale
 Excessive sweating
 May faint but usually
conscious
 Headache
 Nausea and vomiting
 Blurred vision
 Dizziness
HEAT STROKE
Skin is red
No sweating
Unconscious or
incoherent

13. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
TREATMENT
HEAT EXHAUSTION
Call 911
Rest in cool place
Loosen and remove
unnecessary clothing
Shower or sponge
with cool water
HEAT STROKE
Call 911
Immediate,
aggressive, effective
cooling
DO NOT give
anything by mouth
Transport to hospital

14. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
HUMAN RISK FACTORS
Poor nutrition
Poor physical
condition
High and low % body
fat
Previous heat illness
Lack of acclimatization
Over 40
Illness (diabetes, asthma)
Pregnancy
Diet plans

15. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK
FACTORS
Air temperature
Direct sunlight
Radiant heat
Humidity
Little air movement

16. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
JOB RISK FACTORS
Work intensity
Work duration
Location (roof, road, enclosure)
Clothing (weight, impermeability)
Respiratory protection

17. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
WORKER RESPONSIBILITY
Follow instructions of IH and health care
professionals
Be watchful for symptoms (self and others)
Properly hydrate (before, during, after)
Get adequate rest
Avoid alcohol, unnecessary medication,
and caffeine

18. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
MANAGEMENT
RESPONSIBILITY
Ensure that
environmental
conditions are
monitored
Adjust work practices
as necessary
Be watchful for signs
of overexposure
Know workers
medical history
Assure workers are
properly trained
Conduct pre and post
job safety meetings
Assure that affected
workers receive
treatment

19. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
MONITORING
Environmental monitoring
– WBGT (heat index= temp+humidity+radiant)
used for guidance in establishing work/rest ratio
Personnel monitoring
– Oral thermometer
– Ear probe
– R*&%$! Thermometer
– Core Temp
– Pulse rate
– Blood pressure

20. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
COOLING WEAR
Traditional ice vests
Chem-pack vests, headbands, & bandanas
Active cooling garment (water circulating)
SAR and PAPR with active cooling
systems
New material development (breathable,
lighter weight, waterproof)

21. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
COLD STRESSCOLD STRESS
HypothermiaHypothermia

22. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Cold StressCold Stress
(Hypothermia)(Hypothermia)
• Acute problem resulting from prolongedAcute problem resulting from prolonged
cold exposure and heat losscold exposure and heat loss
• ““Hypo” (too little) “Thermia” (heat)Hypo” (too little) “Thermia” (heat)
• 750 deaths/year in USA750 deaths/year in USA
• Generally doesn’t present the same levelGenerally doesn’t present the same level
of danger as heat stressof danger as heat stress
– Does not occur as quicklyDoes not occur as quickly
– Workers will simply come in out of the coldWorkers will simply come in out of the cold

23. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
MAJOR CAUSESMAJOR CAUSES
• Cold TemperaturesCold Temperatures
– 41 degrees F is cold enough with other contributing41 degrees F is cold enough with other contributing
factorsfactors
• Improper clothing and equipmentImproper clothing and equipment
• WetnessWetness
– Sweating, contact with waterSweating, contact with water
– Water conducts heat away from the body 25 Xs fasterWater conducts heat away from the body 25 Xs faster
than airthan air

24. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Contributing FactorsContributing Factors
• FatigueFatigue
• DehydrationDehydration
• HungerHunger
• Alcohol intakeAlcohol intake

25. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Cold Stress HazardsCold Stress Hazards
• SYSTEMICSYSTEMIC
– HypothermiaHypothermia
• LOCALIZEDLOCALIZED
– FrostnipFrostnip
– FrostbiteFrostbite
– Trench FootTrench Foot

26. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Signs and SymptomsSigns and Symptoms
• HypothermiaHypothermia
– Body temp <95 degrees FBody temp <95 degrees F
– EuphoriaEuphoria
– Slow weak pulseSlow weak pulse
– Slurred speechSlurred speech
– ShiveringShivering
– UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness

27. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Signs and SymptomsSigns and Symptoms
• Frostnip/FrostbiteFrostnip/Frostbite
– Itching/burning/numbItching/burning/numb
– Skin color changeSkin color change
• WhiteWhite
• Grayish yellowGrayish yellow
• Reddish violetReddish violet
• BlackBlack
• Trench FootTrench Foot
– Severe pain/itch/tingleSevere pain/itch/tingle
– SwellingSwelling
– BlistersBlisters

28. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
First AidFirst Aid
• HypothermiaHypothermia
– Move to warm areaMove to warm area
– Remove wet clothingRemove wet clothing
– Modest externalModest external
warmingwarming
• Blankets/heat packsBlankets/heat packs
– Drink warm sweetDrink warm sweet
fluids (non-caffeinated)fluids (non-caffeinated)
– Transport to hospitalTransport to hospital
• Frostnip/FrostbiteFrostnip/Frostbite
– Move to warm areaMove to warm area
– External warmingExternal warming
• Warm waterWarm water
– Drink warm sweetDrink warm sweet
fluids (non-caffeinated)fluids (non-caffeinated)
– Treat as burn (do notTreat as burn (do not
rub)rub)
– Transport to hospitalTransport to hospital

29. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Body ResponseBody Response
MechanismsMechanisms
• VasoconstrictionVasoconstriction
– Blood vessel constrictionBlood vessel constriction
– Reduces heat loss/makes skin better insulatorReduces heat loss/makes skin better insulator
• ShiveringShivering
– Increases body temp as vasoconstriction failsIncreases body temp as vasoconstriction fails
• **NEITHER ARE AS EFFECTIVE AS**NEITHER ARE AS EFFECTIVE AS
SWEATING AND ACCLIMATION ARESWEATING AND ACCLIMATION ARE
FOR HEAT STRESSFOR HEAT STRESS

30. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Behavior Is The Key!Behavior Is The Key!
• Behavior is the primary protection factorBehavior is the primary protection factor
for cold stress preventionfor cold stress prevention
– Increase clothing insulationIncrease clothing insulation
– Increase activityIncrease activity
– Seek warm locationSeek warm location
– Get the H$!! out of thereGet the H$!! out of there

31. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Cold Stress SolutionsCold Stress Solutions
• Engineering Controls-Engineering Controls- Warming shelters, spotWarming shelters, spot
heating (i.e. hand warmers), minimize airheating (i.e. hand warmers), minimize air
movement (shielding)movement (shielding)
• Work Practices-Work Practices- fluid replacement, change wetfluid replacement, change wet
clothes immediately, buddy systemclothes immediately, buddy system
• Administration Controls-Administration Controls-work/rest cycles,work/rest cycles,
warm period work, allow for productivitywarm period work, allow for productivity
reductionsreductions
• PPEPPE

32. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
Clothing TipsClothing Tips
• Dress in LayersDress in Layers
– Add or remove for comfortAdd or remove for comfort
– Allows free movement and dexterityAllows free movement and dexterity
• Layer closest to skin should be “waterLayer closest to skin should be “water
vapor permeable”vapor permeable”
– Wicks away moisture, allows evaporation,Wicks away moisture, allows evaporation,
prevents accumulationprevents accumulation

33. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
This material was produced under grantThis material was produced under grant
number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupationalnumber 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration, U.S.Safety and Health Administration, U.S.
Department of Labor. It does notDepartment of Labor. It does not
necessarily reflect the views or policies ofnecessarily reflect the views or policies of
the U.S. Department of Labor, nor doesthe U.S. Department of Labor, nor does
mention of trade names, commercialmention of trade names, commercial
products, or organizations implyproducts, or organizations imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.endorsement by the U.S. Government.

34. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program
ENDEND
•This publication was made possible by
grant numbers 5 U45 ES06182-13 AND
5 U45 ES09763-13 from the National
Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. Its contents are
solely the responsibility of the authors
and do not necessarily represent the
official views of the NIEHS, NIH.