1. Kevin Estela Survival Instructor Wilderness Learning Center 435 Sandy Knoll Road Chateaugay, NY 12920 (518) 497-3179 www.weteachu.com Map, Compass and Land Navigation

13. Common Map Colors and Symbols (part II)

24. Anatomy of the Compass Small Magnifying Lens Pacing Beads Lanyard made from gutted 550 parachute cord Rotating Bezel or Dial Magnetic Needle (red points North) Lid with Sighting Mirror Inclinometer Needle Directional of Travel Arrow The “Shed” Ruler/Straight edge Scales

29. Taking Bearings Standing Kneeling (note elbow resting on knee for stability)

33. Boxing an Obstacle 1.) Original Bearing 110 degrees. Walk until you can’t pass the object. 2.)Turn right, add 90 degrees and count paces until you pass the object. Now at 200 degree bearing. 3.) Turn left subtracting 90 degrees and walk past object. Back to 110 degree bearing. 4.)Turn left again, subtract 90 degrees and walk same number of paces past object as in step 2. Now bearing 20 degrees. 5.) Continue on original bearing of 110 degrees towards destination DESTINATION X STARTING POINT WATER OBSTACLE General Tip: If you turn LEFT, LOWER (the bearing.) If you turn RIGHT, RAISE (the bearing.) Boxing Left Boxing Right Subtract 90 Add 90 Add 90 Subtract 90 Add 90 Subtract 90 Subtract 90 Add 90

34. Importance of Accuracy Declination or Degrees Off Course Error Off Target After Walking 10 Miles 1 degree 920 Feet (280 meters) 5 degrees 4,600 Feet (1,402 meters) 10 degrees 9,170 Feet (2,795 meters)

35. Shadow Sticks SUN SUN Step 2.) The first shadow cast is always the Westward shadow. Mark the tip of the shadow with a twig or small stone. Step 1.) Place a stick in the ground about 3’ high. It does not have to be a perfectly straight stick. Step 3.) Mark the tip of the shadow as it creates an arc with the movement of the sun. Multiple markings are best. Noon will have the shortest shadow. Step 4.) Mark the tip of last shadow of the day. The longer you wait, the more accurate the shadow stick method is. Sun Movement Step 5.) Draw an imaginary line between the tips of the shadows. This is your East/West line. Directly 90 degrees in between is North/South. Stand on the line with your back to the stick and you are facing North. This system will give a relatively accurate indication of direction. It will remain accurate for approximately 2 weeks.

45. Resection (Visual) Water Tower Fire Lookout Tower 1.) From your location, it is a bearing/azimuth of 25 degrees to the Fire Lookout Tower. Back bearing/azimuth equals 205 degrees. Note: Actual degrees shown between lines not drawn for accuracy. 2.) From your location, it is a bearing/azimuth of 55 degrees to the Water Tower. Back bearing/azimuth equals 235 degrees. 3.) Where the lines intersect here (when drawn on your map) is your location.

49. L.U.R.D. System U East R South D West L North 1.) Create a “rifle sight” out of a straight immovable object with two sighting points in a line. You can also use two sticks (6’ and 3’ tall) Sight with eye * 2.) Line up the sight with a star in the distance (except the North Star. 3.) Wait and record noticeable movement. 4.) Follow LURD and determine which direction you are facing. Line of sight Star MOVEMENT DIRECTION FACING LEFT NORTH UP EAST RIGHT SOUTH DOWN WEST LEFT/UP NORTHEAST RIGHT/UP SOUTHEAST RIGHT/DOWN SOUTHWEST LEFT/DOWN NORTHWEST

55. Misc. Notes

56. About the Author Photo Credit: Garret Lucas Accessed from The Wilderness Learning Center’s Biographies page Kevin Estela has been interested in outdoor survival since he was a child. Entertained by stories from his father’s jungle survival in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation of WWII, Kevin grew up with a desire to learn more about the outdoors. At a young age and throughout adolescence, his father taught him many practical survival skills. He grew up hiking, skiing, fishing and woods bumming with friends and family. He spent over 10 years working as a seasonal kayaking and canoeing guide on the Farmington River in Connecticut and 5 years working at a busy outdoors retail sporting goods store. Kevin’s formal outdoors education includes off-road driving, winter mountaineering, hunting and firearms safety, wilderness first-aid, primitive survival skills, traditional bushcraft skills and of course wilderness survival through the Wilderness Learning Center. Kevin is a certified PADI scuba diver, avid power boater and saltwater fisherman. Kevin’s passion for education translated into teaching High School History full-time in Bristol, CT. Kevin spends as much free time as possible getting out on the water or in the woods in anyway. Whenever possible, Kevin loves to share knowledge and know how with anyone willing to listen, practice and learn. Kevin worked for one full year with us and has earned the title of Instructor. He is also a moderator on knifeforums.com and bladeforums.com where he contributes equipment reviews and shares his expertise with all. Although he isn’t officially a resident of New York, Kevin considers the Wilderness Learning Center his second home and Marty, Aggie, Bobby a second family away from his own. Kevin is a great asset to the school. His teaching style, personality, and knowledge are appreciated by all.

57. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact us!