1. Water

15. Water Quality and Impacts 90-95% of sewage and 70% of industrial wastes are dumped untreated into surface water.

16. Freshwater Biodiversity More than 20% of freshwater fish species have become extinct, threatened or endangered. In North America 67% of mussels, 37% freshwater fish, and 40% of amphibians are threatened or have become extinct. Source: Living Planet Report, WWF 2002 Freshwater Species Population Index

19. Definitions of access to improved water supply and improved sanitation Source: WHO and UNICEF (2003) Access for water supply Availability of at least 20 liters per person per day from an "improved" source within one kilometer of the user's dwelling. Improved Household connection Public standpipe Borehole Protected dug well Protected spring Rainwater collection Not Improved unprotected well unprotected spring vendor provided water tanker truck water Improved connection to a public sewer connection to a septic system pour-flush latrine simple pit latrine ventilated improved pit latrine Access to sanitation Excreta disposal systems are considered adequate if they are private and if they separate human excreta from human contact. Not Improved service or bucket latrines (where excreta are manually removed) shared and public latrines latrines with an open pit

20. Diarrhea : About 4 billion cases per year cause 2.2 million deaths , mostly among children under five . Intestinal worms : Infect about 10% of the population of the developing world Trachoma : About 6 million people are blind from trachoma . providing improved water supply could reduce the infection rate by 25%. Schistosomiasis : About 200 million people are infected . Improved water supply and sanitation could reduce infection rate by 77%. Source: Global water supply and Sanitation Assessment. 2000 Report Most frequent diseases due to poor water supply and sanitation

21. Watershed

34. http://www.irrigation.org/ag_brochure1.htm Consumptive freshwater use in the United States:

35. U.S. Water Facts Source: U.S. Geological Survey, 2003

36. U.S. Water Facts Source: U.S. Geological Survey, 2003

37. Designing with Water

38. Source to Sink

43. Possibilities

49. Rainwater Harvesting System for House in Oregon

51. http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/DTU/rainwaterharvesting/

62. Composting Toilets Phoenix, Inc.

68. Source: USEPA 1992 Total Greywater= 59%

69. Source: Home Energy Magazine Online, July/August 1995.

72. Integrated Solutions

81. The Urban Watershed and Low Impact Design Materials courtesy of the SFPUC Urban Permaculture Institute

92. Typical Rain Garden

96. Street-side bioretention planter based on Portland’s Green Streets