Grammar work

1. Clauses
Sentence Level Work
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2. Aims
 What is a clause?
 What is a subordinate clause?
 How can we use them correctly?
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3. Task 1
 Jo was late for school.
 She forgot to set the alarm.
Join these sentences together to
make one sentence. You may add in
any words except ‘and’, ‘but’ or ‘so’
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4. Examples
 Jo was late for school because she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school when she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school having
forgotten to set her alarm.
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5. What is a clause?
 A clause is one part of a sentence. In
the sentence we’ve looked at there are
two clauses.
 Jo was late for school
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6. What is a clause?
 A clause is one part of a sentence. In
the sentence we’ve looked at there are
two clauses.
 Jo was late for school (Clause 1)
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7. What is a clause?
 A clause is one part of a sentence. In
the sentence we’ve looked at there are
two clauses.
 Jo was late for school (Clause 1)
because she forgot to set her alarm.
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8. What is a clause?
 A clause is one part of a sentence. In
the sentence we’ve looked at there are
two clauses.
 Jo was late for school (Clause 1)
because she forgot to set her alarm.
(Clause 2)
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9. What are the clauses called?
The clause which
makes sense on its
own- Jo was late for
school- is called a
MAIN CLAUSE.
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10. What are the clauses called?
The clause which doesn’t
make sense on its own-
because she forgot to set
her alarm- is called a
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE.
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11. Task 2
 Try to re-write the sentence.
 This time, start with the information
about the alarm first and end with the
information that Jo was late.
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12. Examples
 Jo was late for school because she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school when she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school having
forgotten to set her alarm.
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13. Examples
 Because she forgot to set her alarm,
Jo was late for school.
 When she forgot to set her alarm, Jo
was late for school.
 Having forgotten to set her alarm, Jo
was late for school.
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14. Examples
 Because she forgot to set her alarm,
Jo was late for school.
 When she forgot to set her alarm, Jo
was late for school.
 Having forgotten to set her alarm, Jo
was late for school.
What do you notice about the difference in punctuation
here?
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15. Rule
 When beginning a sentence
with a subordinate clause, it
must be separated from the
main clause by a comma.
 Because she forgot to set her alarm,
Jo was late for school.
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16. Task 3
 Rewrite the sentence again. This time:
 Start with the word Jo
 Then add the information about the
alarm
 Then finish with the information about
her being late
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17. Examples
 Jo was late for school because she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school when she
forgot to set her alarm.
 Jo was late for school having
forgotten to set her alarm.
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18. Examples
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
 Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm,
was late for school.
 Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm,
was late for school.
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19. Examples
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
 Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm,
was late for school.
 Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm,
was late for school.
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20. Examples
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
 Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm,
was late for school.
 Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm,
was late for school.
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21. Examples
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
 Jo, when she forgot to set her alarm,
was late for school.
 Jo, having forgotten to set her alarm,
was late for school.
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22. Rule
 When using a subordinate clause to
split up a main clause, it must be
separated on both sides by commas.
 Jo, because she forgot to set her
alarm, was late for school.
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23. Task 4
 The teacher looked up crossly.
 John walked in late.
How many varieties of sentence can you
create using these two clauses?
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