The document discusses norms and electronic institutions for regulating behavior in distributed systems, particularly for applications in e-contracting environments. It introduces a language for representing norms, discusses how norms can guide the behavior of normative agents, and how electronic institutions can provide safe environments for enforcing norms and coordinating agent interaction through the definition and enforcement of norms. It also discusses how contract-based approaches can provide governance in service-oriented architectures.

1. Norms and Electronic Institutions for Behaviour Regulation in Distributed Systems. Applications to eContracting Environments Javier Vázquez-Salceda April 1, 2008

3. Introduction

8. Normative MAS: s tate of the Art (I) Agent-centric View Society-centric View Normative Level Descriptive Level Theoretical Approaches Practical Approaches 1 Ag. 2 Ag. Social Structures Single Agent One-to-One interactions ill-structured interactions Procedural Rules Concrete Abstract

9. Normative MAS: s tate of the Art (II) 3APL GAIA TROPOS EIDE E x:a A OperA [O, P, F] [E, G, H] Delliberative Normative Agents JACK, JADE, FIPA OS Normative Level Descriptive Level Procedural Rules Concrete Abstract 1 Ag. 2 Ag. Social Structures Single Agent One-to-One interactions ill-structured interactions

13. Filling the gap too abstract and vague more concrete Laws, regulations Language for norms (Formal & Computational) Electronic Institutions Norm enforcement mechanisms Normative Agents Norms in delliberation cycle

14. Filling the gap Laws, regulations Operational Description (Operational, Computational) Electronic Institutions Norm enforcement mechanisms Normative Agents Norms in delliberation cycle too abstract and vague more concrete Normative Description (Deontic, Formal) Design guidance, Maintenance Traceability

15. A Language for Norms

21. Norms and Agents

25. Normative Agents (I V ) K i N w W B i G i N i role i L w legal illegal

28. Normative Agents (VI I ) W K i G i N w CN a C a B i N i L a role n

30. Plan selection Plan execution Norm prohibitions delete actions from the set of options Norm obligations add actions to the set of options and may define some priorities or precedence Norms and Agents (IX)

31. Norms in Agent Platforms: Electronic Institutions

34. Electronic Institutions (I I I) The OMNI framework Statutes ( values,objectives,context ) Model Ontology Organizational Model Social Model Interaction Model Norm level Rule level Normative Implementation Generic Comm. Acts ConcreteDomain Ontology Specific Comm. Acts Procedural Domain Ontology Normative Dimension Organizational Dimension Ontological Dimension Abstract Level Concrete Level Implementation Level Agents

35. Electronic Institutions (I I I) The OMNI framework

36. Example O ONT ( appropriate(distribution)) O ONT ( ensure_appropriateness(organ,recipient) < do(assign(organ,recipient)) ) O CARREL ( ensure_appropriateness(organ,recipient) < do(assign(organ,recipient)) ) [ assign(organ,recipient)]done(ensure_appropriateness(organ,recipient) ) ABSTRACT LEVEL CONCRETE LEVEL PROCEDURE LEVEL LAWS ensure_appropriateness(o,r) assign(o,r) ensure_quality ensure_ compatibility

37. Context as source of interpretation O ONT ( appropriate(distribution)) O ONT ( ensure_appropriateness(organ,recipient) < do(assign(organ,recipient)) ) O CARREL ( ensure_quality(organ) < do(assign(organ,recipient)) ) O CARREL ( ensure_compatibility(organ,recipient) < do(assign(organ,recipient)) ) [ assign(organ,recipient)]done(ensure_quality(organ) ) [ assign(organ,recipient)]done(ensure_compatibility(organ,recipient) ) Spanish National Health System ABSTRACT LEVEL CONCRETE LEVEL PROCEDURE LEVEL LAWS ensure_appropriateness(o,r) assign(o,r) ensure_quality ensure_ compatibility

38. Current version of the idea OBLIGED( ONT, appropriate(distribution)) OBLIGED( ONT, ensure_appropriateness(organ,recipient) < do(assign(organ,recipient)) ) OBLIGED( ONT, ensure_quality(organ) BEFORE do(assign(organ,recipient)) ) Spanish National Health System ABSTRACT LEVEL CONCRETE LEVEL PROCEDURE LEVEL OBLIGED(utter (S7, W3, quality_ensured (organ)) IF (uttered( S7,W3, assign(organ,recipient)) ) uttered(S7,W3,assign(organ,recipient) ^ not uttered ( S7,W3, quality_ensured (organ)) AMELI implementation LAWS

41. SOA Governance as Contract-based Institutions

47. Contracting language overview (I) Contract expressions < ISTContract ContractName = &quot; AftercareContract &quot; StartingDate = &quot;2007-01-01T00:00:00+01:00&quot; EndingDate = &quot;2008-01-01T00:00:00+01:00&quot; xmlns:xsi= &quot; http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance &quot; xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation= &quot; http://www.ist-contract.org/schemas/ISTContract.xsd &quot; > < Contextualization > ... </Contextualization> < Definitions > ... </Definitions> < Clauses > ... </Clauses> </ISTContract> < ContractParties > < Agent AgentName= &quot;KLM&quot; > < AgentReference> http://www.ist-contract.org:8080/services/KLM </AgentReference> <AgentDescription> Royal Dutch Airlines </AgentDescription> </Agent> … </ContractParties> … < RoleEnactmentList > < RoleEnactmentElement AgentName= &quot;KLM&quot; RoleName= “Operator&quot; /> … </RoleEnactmentList> < Clause > … < ExplorationCondition > <BooleanExpression> Before(2008-07-1T15:30:30+01:00) </BooleanExpression> </ExplorationCondition> < DeonticStatement > <Modality>< OBLIGATION ></Modality> <Who> <RoleName> Operator </RoleName> </Who> <What> <ActionExpression> PayForEngine(amount, engine, Operator, EngineManufacturer) </ActionExpression> </What> </DeonticStatement> </Clause> OBLIGED ( Operator DO PayForEngine(amount , engine , Operator , EngineManufacturer ) BEFORE (2008-07-1T15:30:30+01:00) )

48. Contracting language overview (II) Relations between language components

49. Contracting language overview (III) Communication Model Domain Ontology Contractual Ontology Domain Ontology Layer Contract Layer Message Content Layer Message Layer Interaction Protocol Layer Context Layer A contract : “the workshop is obliged to repair the car in 2 days” Domain terms : car, workshop, repair Statements / actions related to contracts : cancel (contract C1) Message envelope + intentionality : from service S1 to service S2 … Request [cancel(contract C1)] Protocol handling : S1 S2 Request Agree Interaction context :

50. Conclusion s

52. Filling the gap Laws, regulations, Business rules Operational Description (Operational, Computational) Electronic Institutions Norm enforcement mechanisms Normative Agents Norms in delliberation cycle too abstract and vague more concrete Normative Description (Deontic, Formal) Design guidance, Maintenance Traceability Electronic Contracts Action Descriptions, Workflows Contract-Aware Agents (Clause) Norms in delliberation cycle Contractual Institutions (Clause) Norm enforcement mechanisms

54. From Norms to Landmark Patterns

55. From Landmark Patterns to Protocols/Workflows uttered(S,W,R) uttered(S,W,D) uttered(S,W,F) IF C