Weitere ähnliche Inhalte Ähnlich wie The Eclipse M2M IWG and Standards for the Internet of Things (20) Mehr von Werner Keil (20) The Eclipse M2M IWG and Standards for the Internet of Things1. The Eclipse M2M IWG
and Standards for
The Internet of
Things
Werner Keil
Eclipse DemoCamp Copenhagen
21st November 2012
2. Overview
• Introduction
• Sensors
• Historic IT Errors and Bugs
• UOMo, Unit-API, UCUM
• Sensor Web, SensorML
• M2M
• Use Cases
• NFC
• eNFC, Use Cases
• Security
• TPM, TEE, Secure Element, JavaCard
• New Embedded Java Standards
• Q&A
2 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
3. Who am I?
Werner Keil
• Consultant – Coach
• Creative Cosmopolitan
• Open Source Evangelist
• Software Architect
• Java Godfather
• JCP Executive Committee Member
• Eclipse UOMo Project Lead
• Mærsk DevOps Build Manager
• …
Twitter @wernerkeil
3 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
5. Type-Safety
• Java does not have strongly typed primitive types
(like e.g. Ada or Smalltalk).
• This is likely to change around Java 9 or 10
(based on Oracle Road Map and statements)
• For performance reasons most developer prefer
primitive types over objects in their interface.
• Primitives type arguments can more easily lead to
name clashes (methods with the same signature)
5 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
6. What do these disasters have in common?
• Patriot Missile
The cause was an inaccurate calculation of the time since boot due to a
computer arithmetic error.
• Ariane 5 Explosion
Floating point number which a value was converted from had a value
greater than what would be represented by a 16 bit signed integer.
• Gimli Glider (near disaster)
Fuel loading was miscalculated through misunderstanding of the recently
adopted Metric System, replacing the Imperial System
6 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
7. What do these disasters have in common?
• Mars Orbiter
Preliminary findings indicate that one team used US/English units
(e.g. inches, feet and pounds) while the other used metric units for
a key spacecraft operation.
• NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because a Lockheed Martin engineering team
used English units of measurement while the agency's team used the more
conventional metric system for a key spacecraft operation
• A credible source disclosed, there was a manual step with an outsourced person to
convert these calculations between the different teams, and NASA budget cuts caused
them to fire him and have the wrong, unpatched data transmitted!!!
• This also underlines the added risk when 3rd party contractors are involved or projects
are developed Offshore
8 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
8. NASA “Star Wars” Initiative, 1983
23rd March 1983. Ronald Reagan
announces SDI (or “Star Wars”): ground-
based and space-based systems to
protect the US from attack by strategic
nuclear ballistic missiles.
9 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
9. 1985
Mirror on underside of SDI Experiment:
shuttle
The Plan
Big mountain in Hawaii
10 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
10. 1985
SDI Experiment:
What really
happened
11 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
12. What do these disasters have in common?
• Patriot Missile
The cause was an inaccurate calculation of the
time since boot due to a computer arithmetic error.
• Ariane 5 Explosion
The floating point number which a value was
converted from had a value greater than what
would be represented by a 16 bit signed integer.
13 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
13. Unit Tests wouldn„t find these…
Despite their name
• All previous example illustrate three categories of
errors difficult to find through Unit Testing:
• Interface Errors (e.g. millisecond/second, radian/degree, meters/feet).
• Arithmetic Errors (e.g. overflow).
• Conversion Errors.
14 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
14. Causes of Conversion Errors
• Ambiguity on the unit
• Gallon Dry / Gallon Liquid
• Gallon US / Gallon UK
• Day Sidereal / Day Calendar
• Degree Celsius / Degree Fahrenheit
• Did you know that Gabriel Fahrenheit was born in Gdansk (Danzig) in northern
Poland?
• ...
• Wrong conversion factors:
static final double PIXEL_TO_INCH = 1 / 72;
double pixels = inches * PIXEL_TO_INCH
15 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
15. What else do they have in common?
ALL OF THEM HAPPENED IN
MOBILE, REAL TIME OR
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS!
16 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
16. OSGi
Measurement Package
• Namespace: org.osgi.util.measurement
• SI only Unit API “in the closet”
• Unit
Essentially an SI singleton holding relevant unit constants, too.
• Measurement
Represents a value with an error, a unit and a time-stamp.
• State
Groups a state name, value and timestamp.
• Some usage, especially in Automotive
► no further development by OSGi
17 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
17. JSR-256
Mobile Sensor API
• Namespace: javax.microediton.sensor*
• Focusing on Sensors, but it got a minimalistic Unit API
“in the closet”
• Unit
Essentially an SI singleton holding relevant unit constants, too.
• ChannelInfo
Holding name, accuracy, data type,measurement ranges, scale and unit
• MeasurementRange
Range of possible values from minimum to maximum
► Dead on Arrival (no actual handsets or vendors
using it today, nor does Java ME Embedded)
18 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
18. JSR-275
Units Specification
• Namespace: javax.measure.*
• Only one interface and one abstract class
• Measurable<Q extends Quantity> (interface)
• Measure<V, Q extends Quantity> (abstract class)
• Three sub-packages
• unit (holds the SI and NonSI units)
• quantity (holds dimensions mass, length)
• converter (holds unit converters)
19 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
19. The King is Dead…
Units of Measurement API
• Namespace: org.unitsofmeasurement.*
• Only interfaces (and exception classes)
• public interface Quantity<Q extends Quantity<Q>>
• public interface Unit<Q extends Quantity<Q>>
• Three sub-packages
• quantity (holds dimensions mass, length,...)
• Unit (holds units)
• service (OSGi services)
20 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
21. Eclipse UOMo
One Unit Framework to Measure them All
• Namespace: org.eclipse.uomo.*
• Two main areas
• Static Type Safe Units of Measure Support
• Based on Units of Measurement API
• On top of ICU4J, the Globalization standard at Eclipse and
others (Android, GWT, Google Financial, etc.)
• Prime UCUM Implementation
• Successor to Eclipse OHF UCUM Bundle
22 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
22. UOMo UCUM
Unified Code for Units of Measure
The Unified Code for Units of Measure is inspired by
and heavily based on
• ISO 2955-1983
• ANSI X3.50-1986
• HL7's extensions called ISO+
23 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
24. Sensor Web | What is it?
“A coordinated observation infrastructure composed of a distributed collection of
resources that can collectively behave as a single, autonomous, task-able,
dynamically adaptive and reconfigurable observing system that provides raw and
processed data, along with associated meta-data, via a set of standards-based
service-oriented interfaces.” (Glenn, 2007)
25 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
25. Sensor Web | OpenGIS Standards
• SW Enablement working group at OGC have
developed a number of standards governing
different aspects of Sensor Web
OGC O&M Observations & Measurements Approved
SensorML Sensor Model Language Approved
TransducerML Transducer Model Language Approved
OGC SOS Sensor Observations Service Approved
OGC SPS Sensor Planning Service Approved
OGC SAS Sensor Alert Service In progress
OGC WNS Web Notification Services In progress
26 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
26. Sensor Web | What is the OGC?
• Not-for-profit
• International industry consortium
• Founded 1994, currently 340+ members
• Open Standards development by consensus process
OGC Mission
To lead in the development, promotion and
harmonization of open spatial standards …
27 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
27
27. Sensor Web | Mozambique floods
• The task under study is floods in different parts of
the world
• Particular test case was flooding of Mozambique
28 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
28. Sensor Web | Weather Prediction data
EARS-AVHRR EUMetCast
NOMADS LAADS
EARS-ATOVS
MSG
Data assimilation
subsystem
Internet
DIS
S
Grid of SRI
GF
MO
of NASU-NSAU
Computational
EUMetCast NOMADS LAADS clusters
Receiving facility adapter adapter Access node
Meteorology
subsystem Processing subsystem
P, U10, V10
WRFSI WRF SeaDAS
Visualization subsystem
UMN Users of
OpenLayers
MapServer monitoring system
Internet
29 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
29. SensorML
• Sensor modeling language is the cornerstone of
all SW services
• It provides comprehensive description of sensor
parameters and capabilities
• It can be used for describing different kind of
sensors:
– Stationary or dynamic
– Remote or in-situ
– Physical measurements or simulations
30 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
30. SensorML | Example
.............. .............
<inputs> <outputs>
<InputList> <OutputList>
<input name="ambiantTemperature"> <output name="weatherMeasurements">
<swe:Quantity definition= <swe:DataGroup>
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:temperature"/> <swe:component name="time">
</input> <swe:Time
<input name="atmosphericPressure"> definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:time“
<swe:Quantity definition=
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:iso8601"/>
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:pressure"/>
</swe:component>
</input>
<swe:component name="temperature">
<input name="windSpeed">
<swe:Quantity
<swe:Quantity definition=
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:temperature
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:windSpeed"/>
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:celsius"/>
</input>
</InputList> </swe:component>
</inputs> <swe:component name="barometricPressure">
.............. <swe:Quantity
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:pressure“
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:bar" scale="1e-3"/>
</swe:component>
<swe:component name="windSpeed">
<swe:Quantity
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:windSpeed“
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:meterPerSecond"/>
</swe:component>
</swe:DataGroup>
</output>
</OutputList>
</outputs>
31 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
.............
32. M2M | Outlook
Key Trends
1. New connected devices, Estimated Number of Active
Cellular M2M Connected Devices
applications and services
2010 to 2020
2. Lower system costs
3. Simplified development
4. Network operator focus and
investment
Source: Machina Research, July 2011
33 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
33. M2M | Integrated Processes
Public/Private Cloud Deployment Infrastructures
Transportation & Logistics Logistics
Security & Surveillance
Internet
of Things
Industrial &
Communication
Infrastructure Energy
Medical &
Healthcare
34 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Eclipse Foundation
34. M2M | Vertical Market Scenarios
Medical Services Gateway
Smart
Pill
Boxes Near field
Heartbeat
Sensor Medical
Smart
Services
Weight Gateway
Internet
Scales of Things
Communication
Infrastructure
Blood
Pressure
Blood
Sugar
35 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Eclipse Foundation
35. M2M | Vertical Market Scenarios
Logistic Services Gateway
Smart Container
Medical
Smart
Services
Gateway
Internet
of Things
RFID
Readers Communication
Infrastructure
Handheld &
Wearable
Devices
36 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Eclipse Foundation
36. M2M | Smart Container
RFID e-Seal Example
• Barrier-type bolt seal
• RFID: ID-number + integrity
• Bar code
• Battery 1 year transmitting
• 50 cycles
• Range up to 50 meters
• 915 MHz + 2.4 GHz
• Data transmission rate 500 kbps
• Storage 64 bytes
37 © 2005-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Prof. Jens Froese – TU Hamburg-Harburg
37. M2M | Smart Container (2)
Long Range Tamper Signal
38 © 2005-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Prof. Jens Froese – TU Hamburg-Harburg
38. M2M | Smart Container (3)
Technology
39 © 2004-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Europe Container Terminals B.V.
39. M2M | Smart Container (4)
Technology continued
ECT
Delta Terminal ~~~ ~~~
Admin
22 23 24 25
Pre-Gate 26 27 28
Area Gate
DDN
Rail Term Rail Term
East
West 64 65
71 DDW DDE
Barge Term.
42 41 40 39 38 37
72 32 56 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43
~~~
33
34 ~~~ ~~~
~~~
The dark (green) locations are equipped with SAVI-readers to identify e-sealed containers.
On the ECT premises BreezeCom operated Hand held Terminals can be used.
40 © 2004-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Europe Container Terminals B.V.
40. M2M | Tools
41 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Eclipse Foundation
41. M2M | Developer Portal
m2m.eclipse.org
collaborative development hub for m2m developers
Technical
Development Tools Examples, Developer Sandbox
Tutorials documentation, kits
Forum
open m2m runtimes open m2m tools
libraries & frameworks for m2m development consistent & extensible development tools
Embedded frameworks Embedded development
Device Management, ALM, … target management, emulation, …
Communication libraries Communication protocols
m2m and industrial protocols simulation, bandwidth estimation, …
Server Server
data brokers, API, … API discovery, deployment, …
42 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Eclipse Foundation
42. M2M | Sierra Wireless at CPH Airport
To ensure maximum safety for all passengers, Copenhagen Airport
continuously monitors local weather conditions. In addition, airport
operations regularly measures weather-related runway conditions, such
as temperature and moisture, in order to store and analyze data and relay
status and safety information to incoming flights.
43 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
43. M2M | Benefits for CPH Airport
• Reliable connectivity – ALEOS intelligence provides
“always-on” and “always-aware” communications
required for mobile data applications.
• Rugged form factor – Meets US Military and SAE
specifications for high performance in the harshest of
environmental conditions.
• Vehicle management – GPS tracking provides ability
to acquire vehicle information, such as location and
speed, without interruption.
• Ease of use – Quick and easy configuration and
automatic system connection every time.
44 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
44. M2M | Benefits for CPH Airport (2)
• Immediate access – 3G cellular solution with added
Wi-Fi support offers immediacy provided by real-time,
two-way data transmission available anytime, and
accessed from anywhere in the world.
• Device portability – Wireless AirLink MP 880W routers
allow for re-deployment if runway vehicle is replaced
or down for repair or upgrades.
45 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
45. NFC
46 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
46. NFC | Stats
Registered Mobile devices worldwide (Millions)
47 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
47. NFC | What is eNFC?
• eNFC (enhanced NFC): Fully compliant NFC technology
enhanced by ISO 14443B and ISO 15693 standards on chip
emulation side
• eNFC is compatible with all existing and future application using
contactless technology
Reader or Device Chip emulation
Communication Communication
NFC
ISO 14443-A ISO 14443-A (ECMA340)
NFC-2
Sony (Type C) Sony (Type C) (ECMA 352)
eNFC
ISO 14443-B ISO 14443-B
ISO 15693 ISO 15693
48 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
48. NFC | Use Cases
Pass the gate
NFC
Read a map from
NFC interactive billboard
Pay without cash
Redeem coupons
Get your Receipt
NFC
Get your e-ticket
Exchange photos
49 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
49. NFC | Where to use this technology
Toronto Payment: ISO 14443-B & ISO 15693 Copenhagen Public Transport, SAS Smart Pass
London Transport : ISO 14443A
Shenzen Transport : ISO 14443B
Hong Kong Transport: FelicaTM
San Francisco Transport: ISO 14443B Paris Transport : ISO 14443B Seoul Transport : ISO 14443A
Tokyo Transport:
FelicaTM
US Access Control: ISO 15693 Japan ID Card: ISO 14443B
Dubai RTA
Chiuaua Driving License: ISO 15693
US Payment: ISO 14443-B & ISO 14443A New Delhi Transport:FelicaTM
Pakistan Passport: ISO 14443B
Singapore Transport : Felica, ISO 14443B
Sao Paulo Transport: ISO 14443A
50 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
50. NFC | Open NFC™
Open NFC interfaces can be classified at different levels, from very
high-level interfaces that greatly simplify the usual tasks of NFC
applications, to very low-level interfaces that allow fine tuning of NFC
hardware parameters for example.
High Level Interfaces:
• NDEF Messages
• Bluetooth and Wi-Fi pairing
• Read / Write to any tag
• P2P
• Virtual Tags
Starting Open NFC 4.3.0, the support for Java porting for JSR-257
devices is discontinued. Older releases of the stack were fully compliant
with the JSR-257 standard.
► Android Edition is currently the only one actively maintained with
Java Binding!
51 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
51. Security | Possible Usage Scenarios
• Keep close control of software on a system
• Protect kiosk Computers (ATMs..) software from
manipulations such as installing a key sniffer
• Strongly identify a machine and its software
configuration in online banking or Pizza delivery
• Protect IP in the Cloud
52 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, IAIK
52. Security | To Catch A Thief
53 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
53. Security | Trusted Platforms
• Measure the software executed and feature
• Store data securely a hardware TPM
• Report their status an advanced BIOS or chipset
a set of Trusted Computing
Software
54 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, IAIK
54. Security | JSR - 321
55 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, IAIK
55. Security | TEE
What is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)?
Open to malware and Isolation of sensitive
rooting / jailbreaking assets
• TEE provides hardware-based
isolation from rich operating systems
(OS) such as Android, Windows
Rich OS Application Environment Trusted Execution Environment Phone, Symbian, etc.
Trusted Trusted Trusted
Application
DRM
Application
Payment
Payment
Application
Corporate
Corporate • TEE runs on the main device chipset
Client Applications
• TEE has privileged access to device
API
GlobalPlatformTEE Internal API resources (user interface, crypto
GlobalPlatform TEE Client API
accelerators, secure elements…).
Trusted Core Trusted
Environment Kernel
TEE Functions
Rich OS
HW Secure Resources
Hardware Platform
56 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Global Platform
56. Security | Secure Element
• EMV applications and their data shall be always
stored in a secure area of a handset – in a
secure element
• Secure element is a smart card chip
• Currently 3 approaches:
• SIM-centric: Secure Element is (in) USIM – payment applications are stored
on a USIM card
• Embedded secure element – additional smart card chip integrated in a
mobile phone (e.g. Samsung NEXUS S)
• External secure element (e.g. smart card chip integrated in a Micro SD
card)
• Application management „over-the-air‟
24.11.2012
57. Security | Java Card Technology
Secure, Connected, Versatile
Interoperable platform for
delivery of trusted personal
services
High, industry-proven security
Designed for the smallest silicon
hardware devices
Runs Java in as little as 4 KB
RAM
Deployed on >5 billion devices
Growing at 1.4 bill. Devices p. year
SIM Cards, secure elements, eID,
payment services
58 © 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
58. Security | Java Card Technology
59 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
59. Embedded Standards | JSR-360, 361
• 2 new JSRs for Mobile and Embedded approved
• JSR-360: CLDC 8
• CLDC 8 is an evolutionary update to CLDC 1.1.1 to bring
the VM, Java Language, and libraries up to date
with Java SE 8.
• More: http://java.net/projects/jsr360/pages/Home
• JSR-361: Java ME Embedded Profile
• Update IMP(-NG) to align with state-of-the-art features and current
embedded device market requirements.
• More: http://java.net/projects/jsr361/pages/Home
60 © 2007-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies
61. Links
Eclipse – Project UOMo
http://www.eclipse.org/uomo/
Units of Measurement API
http://www.unitsofmeasurement.org
UCUM
http://www.unitsofmeasure.org
62. Links (2)
Eclipse – M2M IWG
http://m2m.eclipse.org
Open Geospatial Consortium
http://www.opengeospatial.org
63. Contact
werner@catmedia.us
or
uomo@catmedia.us
Twitter: @wernerkeil
Hashtag #EclipseUOMo
Hinweis der Redaktion Enabling new access to and uses of data