Essential newborn care (ENC) should be provided to all newborns and includes maintaining warmth, initiating breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, eye care, vitamin K administration, and immunizations. Immediate newborn care involves drying the baby, maintaining temperature, establishing breathing, vitamin K injection, Apgar scoring, and initiating breastfeeding. Routine newborn care consists of maintaining warmth, exclusive breastfeeding, skin and cord care, eye care, and monitoring growth through measurements.

1. ESSENTIAL
NEWBORN
CARE
BY:
Mrs.Keerthi Samuel
Asst.Professor
VMCON

2. HEALTHY
NEWBORN
DEFINITION
• A healthy infant born at
term between 38-42
weeks with an average
birth weight, cries
immediately after birth,
establishes independent
rhythmic respiration and
quickly adapts to the
changed environment.

3. DEFINITION
• Essential Newborn Care(ENC) is care that
every newborn baby needs regardless of where it is
born or its size.
• ENC should be applied immediately after
the baby is born and continued for at least the first
7 days after birth.

4. OVER ALL COMPONENTS OF ENC
Warmth,
Immediate skin-to-skin contact,
Early breastfeeding,
Umbilical cord care,
Eye care,
Vitamin K administration, and
Immunization,

5. DETAILED CARE OF NEWBORN
• IMMEDIATE BASIC CARE:
• Maintain temperature
• Establish airway
• Vitamin k injection
• Apgar scoring
• Initiate breatfeeding
• ROUTINE CARE:
• Warmth
• Breast feeding
• Skincare and baby bath
• Cord care
• Eye care
• Baby clothing

6. IMMEDIATE NEWBORN CARE

7. 1. Warmth/Maintainence
of Temperature
• Dry the neonate immediately
under radiant warmer.
• Skin to skin contact with the
mother
• Cover the head.
• Rooming in ( don’t separate
from mother unless needed)

8. 2.ESTABLISHMENT OF PATENT AIRWAY
• Majority of them cry and establish
spontaneous respirations at birth.
• Suction the secretions and clear the
mucus from mouth and nose
immediately after the delivery of the
head.
• Keep the head slightly lower than
the body
• Position the baby on their back
rarely tilted to the side but not on
their belly.

9. 3. APGAR SCORING

10. 4.VITAMIN-K ADMINISTRATION
• Vit-K prevents neonatal hemorrhage
in the initial days as the neonate
cannot produce it.
• Term neonates- 1mg/IM
• Preterm neonates-0.5mg/IM
ALTERNATIVE ROUTE:
ORAL DOSE – 2mg orally at birth
Repeat dose 2mg at 3-5 days and at
4-6 weeks of age

11. 5. Initiation of breast feeding
• Provision of mother's breast milk to infants within
one hour of birth is referred to as “early initiation of
breastfeeding” and ensures that the infant receives
the colostrum, or “first milk”, which is rich in
protective factors.
• Babies are born with an innate ability and desire to
breastfeed. When healthy infants are given the
opportunity and time to breastfeed without
interruption immediately after delivery, they usually
get themselves to the mother's breast and begin
nursing without any assistance.

12. ROUTINE CARE OF NEWBORN

13. 1.WARMTH
• Keep the baby dry
• Mummification-
ensure head and
extremities are
covered
• Rooming in

14. 2.EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING
Exclusivebreastfeeding
means that the infant receives
only breast milk. No other
liquids or solids are given –
not even water – with the
exception of oral rehydration
solution, or drops/syrups of
vitamins, minerals or
medicines.
• Should be put at breast in
half an hour of birth.

15. 3.Skin care and
baby bath
• Skin should be gently wiped off
blood, mucous, meconium before
presenting to the mother.
• Baby bath can be given at
hospital or home with warm
water gently and quickly
• First bath can be given once the
babies temperature is
normalized

16. 4. Cord care
• Keep the stump clean and dry
• Topical application of antibiotics is not
necessary unless the baby is living in highly
contaminated area.
• Make sure cord blood is collected for rh typing
and hematocrit and cord blood gases.
• The umbilical cord is cut about 2 to 34 cm from the
navel with aseptic precautions during delivery and tied
with sterile cotton thread or disposable plastic clip.
• The cordmust be inspected afterwards for bleeding
which commonly occurs due to shrinkage of cord and
loosing of ligature.
• Normally it falls off after 5 to 10 days but may
take longer especially when infected

17. 5. Care of eyes
• Clean eyes at birth and once
every day by wiping with
sterile cotton swabs soaked
in sterile water
• Use separate swabs for each
eye
• Clean from inner canthus to
outer canthus.

18. 6.CLOTHING OF BABY
• Loose soft and cotton clothes.
• Use front or back open clothes for
easy removal
• Large buttons, synthetic, nylon
clothes has to be avoided

19. ANTHROPOMETRIC
MEASURMENTS
LENGTH
WEIGHT
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE

20. WEIGHT:
 The average weight gain per
day is 30 gms/day in first
month
 It is about 20gms/day in
second month
 10gms /day afterwardsduring
the first year of life
LENGTH
 18-22 INCHES (From head to
heel with legs fully extended)

21. HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE:
Repeat after caput is resolved
33-35cms
Normally 2cms larger than the
chest circumference
Place the tape in glabella and
stretch around the fulles part of
occipital at the posterior fontanelle.
CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE:30-33
CMS
Stretch tape around scapula and
over the nipple line

22. CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEWBORN
• Newborns may look alike, but each has their own physical
attributes and personalities. Some newborns are fat and
short while some are long and thin.
• The weight of newborns varies according to their race,
genetics, and nutritional factors.

23. VITAL SIGNS
• Vital Sign
• Temperature
Immediately At Birth
36.5 to 37.2 Celsius
AfteBirth
• Pulse 180 beats/minute 120-140 B/M
• Respiration 80 brths/m 30-50b/m
• Blood Pressure 80/46 mmHg 100/50 mmHg
(by 10th day)

24. IMMUNIZATION
• In institutional delivery all neonates should be
immunized with BCG vaccine and O dose of OPV.
Hepatitis B vaccine can be administered at birth as
first dose and other two doses in one month and six
month of age.
• Mother should be informed about the
recommended National immunization schedule and
explanation to be given about importance of
complete immunization and all possible reactions
following vaccinations epically about BCG vaccine .