Moving your Editorial essay into a Argumentative Essay

1. BUILDING AN ARGUMENT
PAPERStep 1: Find all research, annotated bibs, and drafts of
your Editorial Assignment
Step 2: Establish a STRONG Thesis
Step 3: Gather Your Sources
Step 4: Organize Your Information
Step 5: Create Your Outline…
Annotated Bib and Outline due _____________
Step 6: Draft Your Paper…
First draft due _______, peer review

2. PERSUASIVE VS
ARGUMENT

6. RESEARCH AND
PLAGIARISM
INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM TURNITIN.COM
2014

7. PLAGIARISM? CAN WORDS REALLY BE
STOLEN?
According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" means
 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source.
In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves stealing someone’s work and lying about it.
According to U.S. law, the answer is yes. The expression of original ideas is considered
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, and is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions.
All of the following are considered plagiarism:
 turning in someone else's work as your own
 copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
 copying so many words/ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you
give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

8. DID YOU KNOW...
According to surveys in U.S. News and World Report
80% of "high-achieving" high school students admit to cheating
51% of high school students did not believe cheating was wrong
95% of cheating high school students said that they had not been detected
75% of college students admitted cheating
90% of college students didn't believe cheaters would be caught
Almost 85% of college students said cheating was necessary to get ahead
Professor Donald McCabe, leading expert in academic integrity, in a May
2001 study of over 4500 high school students, found:
72% of students reported one or more instances of serious cheating on written
work
15% had submitted a paper obtained in large part from a term paper mill or
website
52% had copied a few sentences from a website w/o citing the source
over 45% admitted to collaborating inappropriately with others on assignments

9. WHY STUDENTS PLAGIARIZE...
Intentional Plagiarism... can I sneak a plagiarized paper past
my professor?"
Searching vs. Researching... "busy work" compared to finding
the best or most obscure sources.
"But their words are better"... students may also be intimidated
by the quality of work found online, thinking their own work cannot
compare.
Making the Grade... Students are under enormous pressure
from family, peers, and instructors to compete for scholarships,
admissions, and, of course, places in the job market.. But your
grades won't matter if you don't have the skills to show for them.
"Everyone else is doing it"

10. WHY “MERCY GIRLS” PLAGIARIZE...
Poor Planning... Students are not always the best judges of how much
time their assignments will take.
Unintentional Plagiarism
Citation Confusion... Perhaps the most common reason for inadvertent
plagiarism is simply an ignorance of the proper forms of citation.
Troubles with Paraphrasing ... Many students have trouble knowing
when they are paraphrasing and when they are plagiarizing. In an effort to
make their work seem "more original" by "putting things in their own
words," students may often inadvertently plagiarize by changing the
original too much or, sometimes, not enough.
"I couldn't find the source"... Students are often sloppy about writing
down the bibliographic information of their sources, leaving them
unable to properly attribute information when it comes to writing the
paper.

11. EVALUATING YOUR
SOURCES• Should be relevant- does the content apply directly to your topic?
• Should be authoritative- does the author have the necessary expertise or
experience to speak authoritatively on this subject?
• not Wikipedia... good starting point, not authoritative
• Must be current- be aware of the date of the source. (you may want to use source
that is 20 yrs old if you are discussing the history of a topic, but not if you are
discussing a current trend)
• Should be comprehensive- does this source cover all the major issues that you
need to discuss in your paper?
• Should be stable- will your readers be able to locate the source is they want to
read more?
• Should provide links- does this source help you locate other sources?

13. WHEN DO I GIVE CREDIT?
MUST BE CITED:
• Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web
page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium
• Information gained through another person (face to face, phone, writing)
• When you copy the exact words or a unique phrase
• When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, pictures, or other visual materials
• When you reuse or repost any electronically-available media (images, audio, video, et al)
• Bottom line... document any words, ideas, or other productions that originate
somewhere outside of your brain.
DOES NOT NEED CITING:
• Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations and insights, your own thoughts,
and your own conclusions about a subject
• When you are writing up your own results obtained through lab or field experiments
• When you use your own artwork, digital photographs, video, audio, etc.
• "Common Knowledge"... you can regard something as common knowledge if you find the
same information in at least 3-55 credible sources. But when in doubt, cite!

18. INTERNAL (IN-TEXT) CITATIONS
• DO NOT END ALL PARAGRAPHS WITH INTERNAL
CITATIONS!!! Your thoughts and ideas should be most
prominent and the research should support what you are saying.
Do not let the research be dominant!
• Whatever is listed in the parenthesis of the internal citation
should match the first words in the Works Cited line.
• If there is duplicated first words, use first words and next
different word in parenthetical
• Never, never, never use the Internet address as the internal
citation

19. SOURCES... QUOTING, OR
PARAPHRASING, SUMMARIZING?
As you select information from a source, you have
one of three methods in which to use it in your
paper:
1.Quoting- direct language
2.Paraphrasing- for shorter passages
3.Summarizing- for longer passages

20. DIRECT QUOTES
Let’s use the following citation for the next few pages
of examples:
1. Work the quoted passage into the syntax of
your sentence (period after the internal citation)
Morrison points out that social context prevented the
authors of slave narratives “from dwelling too long or
too carefully on the more sordid details of their
experience” (Morrison).
Morrison, Toni. “The Site of Memory.” Inventing the Truth:
The Art and Craft of Memoir. Ed. William Zinsser, Houghton
Miffline, 1987. pg101-124.

21. DIRECT QUOTE2. Introduce the quoted passage with a sentence and a
colon (period after the internal citation)
Commentators have tried to account for the decorum of most
slave narratives by discussing social context: “popular taste
discouraged the writers from dwelling too long or too
carefully on the more sordid details of their experience”
(Morrison 109).
3. Set off the quoted passage with an introductory
sentence followed by a colon. (period after the internal
citation)
Toni Morrison, in “The Site of Memory,” explains how social
context shaped slave narratives:
No slave society in the history of the world wrote more- or
more thoughtfully- about its own enslavement. But whatever
the level of eloquence, popular taste discouraged the writers
from dwelling too long or too carefully on the more sordid

22. SUMMARIZING OR PARAPHRASING
Summary of a long quotation (period after the citation)
Award-winning novelist Toni Morrison argues that although slaves
wrote many powerful narratives, the context of their enslavement
prevented them from telling the whole truth of their lives
(Morrison109).
Paraphrase of a short quotation (period after the citation)
Slave narratives sometimes imitated the popular fiction of their era
(Morrison).
Multiple sentences summarizing source (period before the
citation)
Morrison discusses slave narratives in her recent book. She
theorizes that slaves do not portray the truth in its entirety for fear
of their lives. Morrison also says that the narratives imitate popular

23. WORKS CITED PAGE• Begin each entry flush with the left margin. Indent each line that follows.
• double spaced
• alphabetical order
• All citations begin with the author’s last name. If there is no author, then
use the source title.
• If there is more than one entry by the same author, then alphabetize those
entries by the books’ titles.
• Instead of repeating the author’s name each time, type 3 hyphens followed
by a period and then the title.
• Italicize titles of larger works (books, plays, films)
•Use quotation marks for titles of smaller works (poems, songs, etc)
• When listing the date- Day Month Year (10 April 2005)