6. Deep thrombi occur in large veins of leg
DVT are asymptomatic in 50 % of patients
Trousseau Syndrome: Tumor associated
procoagulant release Increased risk of Thromboembolic
phenomenon in disseminated cancers.
Also known as migratory thrombophlebitis
Ca Pancreas, Prostate, Stomach, Breast, Lung, Osteosarcoma,
AML- M3.
10. “Detached Intravascular Solid, Liquid or gas mass carried
by blood to a distant site.”
99% are Thrombo-embolus
Consequences of embolus is ischemic necrosis of affected
tissue.
11. Venous Embolism/ Pulmonary (DVT)
Arterial Embolism (Post MI)
Paradoxical Embolism (Venous will become arterial: due to
ASD/ VSD)
Fat embolism
Amniotic fluid embolism
Air embolism
Septic embolism
Foreign body embolism.
Types of Embolism:
12. Most commonly from venous emboli from leg veins (DVT)
“Saddle embolus” obstructs main Pulmonary artery
Once a Pulmonary embolus occurs, patient will be prone for
recurrent emboli episodes.
Multiple emboli or shower of small emboli in small pulmonary
arteries.
13. Most arise from Intra cardiac mural thrombi
Left ventricular wall infarction and Mitral stenosis
predisposes to thrombi and embolus
Arterial emboli travel to wide variety of sites
Lower limbs, Brain, intestines, kidney, spleen…….any organ.
14. Microscopic fat globules enter circulation following fracture of
long bones
Fat embolism syndrome:: Symptoms appear 1- 3 days after
injury
Pulmonary insufficiency: Tachypnea, Dyspnea, Tachycardia
Neurologic symptoms: Irritability, Restlessness, Delirium, Coma
Low platelets: Petechial skin rash
Fatal in 10% of individuals
16. Gas bubbles in circulation
100 ml of air is needed to produce clinical effect
Chest wall injury, Neck injury, Therapeutic, Intra-operative
Decompression sickness seen in Deep sea divers
17. Amniotic fluid into ruptured uterine veins
Grave, but uncommon complication
Important obstetric complication
Sudden onset of severe dyspnea, Cyanosis,
Hypotension, Shock, Seizures, Coma.
If survives… Pulmonary edema, DIC
AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM
18.
19. An infarct is an area of ischemic necrosis caused by
occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage
Can be due to Thrombus, embolus, vasospasm, atheroma,
compression of vessels, etc.,
Venous blockade Congestion
20. Classified based on the color
1. Red (Hemorrhagic) infarct
2. White (Anemic) infarct
Red infarcts are seen in::
- Dual blood supply.. Lung, Small intestine
- Loose tissues.. Lung
- With venous occlusions (ovarian torsion)
- Previously congested tissue
21. White Infarcts::
- Arterial occlusions
- Organs with end arterial blood supply
- Solid organs.. Heart, Spleen, Kidneys, Brain
Microscopy::
- Coagulative necrosis
- Liquefactive necrosis