2. FOUR CATEGORIES OF SLEEP DISORDERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Primary Sleep Disorder- are those not
attributed to other cause and include
dyssomias and parasomnias
Sleep DO related to another mental DO
Sleep DO due to another medical condition
Substance- induced sleep DO
3. 1.1 DYSSOMIAS- PRIMARY DISORDERS OF
INITIATING OR MAINTAINING SLEEP, AND OR
EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS AND ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY ABNORMALITIES IN THE
AMOUNT, QUALITY OR TIMING OF SLEEP.
1.1.1 Primary insomnia- difficulty of initiating or
maintaining sleep that lasts for one month and
causes significant distress or impairments of
functioning
1.1.2 Primary hypersomnia- excessive sleepiness
for at least one month y=that involves either
prolonged sleep episodes or daily daytime
sleeping that causes significant distress or
impairment in functioning
4. 1.1.3. Narcolepsy- excessive sleepiness
characterized by repeated irresistible sleep
attacks, may also experience
- catalepsy ( sudden episodes of bilateral,
reversible loss of muscle tone that lasts for
seconds to minutes
- Recurrent intrusions of REM sleep in the
sleep- wake transition, manifested by
paralysis of the voluntary muscles or dreamlike hallucinations
5. 1.1.4. Breathing related sleep DO- sleep
disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or,
less commonly, insomnia caused by
abnormalities in ventilation during sleep.
- Obstructive sleep apnea (repeated episodes of
upper airway obstruction
- Central sleep apnea ( episodic cessation of
ventilation without airway obstruction
- Central alveolar hypoventilation (hypoventilation
resulting in low arterial oxygen levels
6. 1.1.5. Circadian rhythm sleep DO (sleep- wake
schedule DO)- persistent or recurring sleep
disorder resulting from altered functioning of
circadian rhythm or a mismatch between
circadian rhythm and external demands
subtypes:
delayed sleep phase
shift work
unspecified
7. 1.2. PARASOMIAS- RE ABNORMAL BEHAVIORAL
OR PSYCHOLOGICAL EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH
SLEEP, SPECIFIC SLEEP STAGES, OR SLEEPWAKE TRANSITION.
1.2.1. Nightmare DO- repeated occurrence of
frightening dreams that leads to waking from
sleep
1.2.2. Sleep terror DO- repeated occurrence of
abrupt awakenings from sleep associated with
panicky scream or cry.
1.2.3. Sleepwalking DO- repeated episodes of
complex motor behavior initiated during sleep,
including getting out of bed and walking around
8. SLEEP HYGIENE MEASURES
Establish a regular schedule for going to bed
and arising
Avoid sleep deprivation and the desire to
catch up
Do not eat large meal before bedtime
Avoid daytime naps
Exercise daily
Minimize or eliminate caffeine and nicotine
ingestion
9. SLEEP HYGIENE MEASURES
Do not look at the clock while you are lying
down
Keep the temperature in the bedroom slightly
cool
Do not drink alcohol in an attempt to sleep
Do not use bed for reading, working, watching
television, etc.
Writing worry on a piece of paper
Soft music, relaxation tapes ...........
