1. Chapter Four
Genetics and Evolution

2. Exam One Results
• Your grade is
posted on “My
Grades” in e-
campus
• Any questions???

3. Service Learning Opportunity
• Don’t forget that you can substitute one of
your exam grades by participating in service
learning
• Click on the “Service Learning” button in e-
campus to learn more about getting
enrolled

4. Natural Selection
 Natural selection
– introduced by
Darwin in The
Origin of Species in
1859
 Features and the
environment

8. Genetic Mechanisms
 Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA
 30,000 genes
• http://youtu.be/uN82GLQYAUQ
• Genes and environment
Ques: Can you think of a disorder that may be
affected by the environment for which you may
have a genetic predisposition?

9. Skin pigmentation is one example of a
continuous trait. (Nature vs. Nurture)

10. Two important terms...
Phenotype: The outlook of an organism
Genotype: The genetic information written in DNA
ATGTTTCCACCTTCAGGTTCC
ACTGGGCTGATTCCCCCCTCC
CACTTTCAAGCTCGGCCCCTT
TCAACTCAGAGAGGCGGCTA
GACACCCAGAGACCTCAAGT
GACCATGTGGGAACGGGATG
TTTCCAGTGACAGGCAG
GCCAAGAATGGCTCCCACCT
GGCTCTCAGACATTCCCCTGG
TCCAACCCCCAGGCCATCAAG
ATGTCTCAGAGAGGCGGCTAG
ACACCCAGAGACCTCAAGTGA
CCATGTGGGAACGGGATGTTT
CCAGTGACAGGCA
Genotype
Phenotypes
Genotype

11. The Science of Sex Appeal Video
Groups: What factors make us attracted to others?
Get into groups and try to brainstorm at least 10
factors that affect attraction. What connections
can be made to biological and environmental
factors?
Smell
• http://youtu.be/s_y8NTaPNQY
Facial Attractiveness
• http://youtu.be/MVhKSzSpXMA
Walk
• http://youtu.be/gwdlq95Tnqc

12. Mating Patterns
Differential parental investment theory
 Polygyny: One male with multiple females
 Polyandry: One female with multiple males
 Monogamy: One male with one female
 Polygynandry: Multiple males with multiple
females

13. Color Blind Test
• Just a shortened form:
• http://colorvisiontesting.com/online%20t
est.htm
• An evolutionary advantage?

14. Genetic Mechanisms

15. Some of the reasons….
• better health care (less serious illnesses that can delay or
damage brain development, less exposure to toxins such
as lead, smog, food poisoning, etc.)
• better nutrition (better availability of fresh foods,
proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals such as iron and iodine,
etc. that are necessary to build and support the brain)
• higher levels of education
• higher cognitive stimulation by an increasingly complex
environment

16. (Nature vs. Nurture Debate)
TWIN STUDIES
 Reared separately ~ Career choice, food preferences,
facial expressions, medical conditions, similar speech
rhythms, etc.
 Monozygotic (identical) ~ 80% concordance rate in their
sense of happiness
 Dizygotic (fraternal) ~ no concordance in their sense of
happiness
 Identical ~ if one has schizophrenia, the other has a 50%
chance of developing the condition
 Fraternal ~ 27% chance of developing the disorder
ADOPTION STUDIES
Intelligence is more similar to their biological parents than
to their adoptive parents

17. Fallacies
 Social Darwinism
 Deterministic fallacy

18. Homework
• Read Chapter Five