proyect manhattan,katherine murillo

1. Project manhattan

2. the “Manhattan Project” ” was a code name
to keep the project concealed conducted
during second World War by the United
States with partial support from the United
kingdom and Canada in their respective
projects secret «alloys of pipes» and
«Chalk River Laboratories». The final
objective of the project was the creation of
the first atomic bomb
CODE NAME

3. HISTORY
The nuclear scientists Leó Szilárd, Edward Teller, and Eugene
Wigner, refugees from Hungary's Jews believed that the energy
released by nuclear fission could be used for the production of
bombs by the Germans, so it persuaded Albert Einstein, the
physicist most famous in the United States, so he warned
President Franklin D. Roosevelt of this danger through a letter
that Szilárd wrote and was sent on August 2, 1939. In response
to the warning, Roosevelt increased the investigations about
the implications in the national security of nuclear fission

4. START OF THE PROJECT
Roosevelt created a time
Committee of the uranium
ad hoc to charge of Lyman
Briggs, then Chief of the
National Boureau of
Standards, which began its
research in 1939 in the
Naval Research Laboratory
in Washington, in where
the physical Philip Abelson
investigated the separation
of the isotopes of uranium.
The National Defense
Research Council then took
over the "uranium project",
as the nuclear physics
program was known, and in
1940.
Vannevar Bush and
Roosevelt created the
Office of development
in scientific research in
order to expand these
efforts. The 9 of
October of 1941,
Roosevelt authorized
finally the development
of the weapon atomic.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT
The 7 of December of 1941 with the attack Japanese to Pearl Harbor, United States came
in the second war world. A Day before, Vannevar Bush created the Committee S-1 with the
objective of guiding the research. Efforts to obtain material for the bumb increased the
metallurgy laboratory of the University of Chicago, the Radiation Laboratory of the University
of California and the Department of Physics from Columbia University. For radioactive
isotopes they are bombed neutrons uranium-235, which a nuclear reaction occurs and
obtain radioactive isotopes of uranium and plutonium.

6. Robert
Oppenheimer:
Project Director,
objected to the
military use of
nuclear energy
once the war.
Edward Teller: One of
the many Jews who
had fled the nazi
regime. One of the
most fervent
defenders of U.S.
nuclear arms program
Hans Bethe:
important
theoretician of the
project, director of
the division
technical
Richard Feynman:
responsible for the
theoretical division and
computer calculations. In
his biography has
numerous anecdotes
about your stage in the
project Manhattan and his
feeling of guilt to the
exploit the first bumb.
Enrico Fermi: fled
of his Italy native,
was the creator of
the first stack
Atomic in the
University of
Chicago.
Scientists who collaborated
Lawrence was in charge
of the electromagnetic
separation work at Oak
Ridge which provided
uranium 235 for the
atomic bomb . He was
known as the “Atomic
Smasher” and the man
who “held the key” to
atomic energy

7. “After the detonation of Hiroshima, Einstein
would comment: • "should burn my fingers
with which I wrote that first letter to
Roosevelt.“
Oppenheimer would later declare that came to
mind the words of Bhagavad Gita: "Now I have
become death, the destroyer of worlds"

8. Physicist Julius Robert Oppenheimer
while the security and military
operations carried out by general
Leslie R. Groves.
Leslie Groves, a man known for his
bellicosity and aversión for the
Japanese people, which was
something that influenced the
decision to use atomic bombs
finally.
THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WAS DIRECTED BY

9. Research centers Manhattan Project
✘The main centers that carried out the
project were:
✘ Hanford Site, Washington;.
✘ Los Alamos National Laboratory, New
Mexico.
✘The Oak Ridge National Laboratory, T
✘ The National Security Complex Y-12,
✘ And many other centers.
✘The existence of these centers was
kept secret criminally until the end of
the war. In many cases workers were
unaware of the project they were
working, exposing their lives.

10. The creation of the atomic bomb showed the
world the success of project Manhattan. were
used 37 factories and laboratories of 19 States
and of Canada, were employed 125,000
peoples the best scientists and engineers and
cost more than $2 billion,
The Manhattan Project Succeeded In Its Goal Of
Producing The First Atomic Bomb In A Time Of
2 Years 3 Months And 16 Days
During the Manhattan Project were four
designs for bombs, called Fat Man Little
Boy, The Gadget and Thin Man atomic
bombs but only created three atomic
bombs, between the years 1941-1945

11. «The first pump Atomic of test exploded the 16
of July of 1945 in a tower of steel in the desert
of Alamogordo, New Mexico, the artifact is
called Trinity and is was of an A-bomb of
plutonium of the same type that Fat Man,». it
caused an explosion close to 20,000 tons of
TNT (trinitrotoluene), much larger than expected
THE TRINITY TEST

12. The project was authorized by President Roosevelt and
after his death was thrown by order of President-elect
Harry Truman
Both Truman and his government commanders argued
the use of the atomic bomb as the only way to end the
war, besides they thought that the Germans were
developing an atomic bomb which had used against
them or against any allied country.
The damage caused the battle of Pearl Harbor was also
decisive when attacking Japan. The Americans needed
revenge for this attack.
USE OF ATOMIC BOMBS IN WWII

13. The uranium “Little Boy” bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 8:15
am. He developed about 15 kilotons double the expected bias slanted in the
act 78,000 lives.
1.

14. The plutonium “Fat Boy” bomb was dropped on Nagasaki and
detonated the 11:02 on August 9, 1945 about 3 kilometers from the
aim developing 20 kilotons. 40,000 Japanese died in the Act
2.

15. 140,000
It is estimated that by the end of 1945, bombs had killed to
Although only half had died the day of the bombing. between the victims, 15 to 20% died
from injuries or illness attributed to poisoning by radiation
Since then, some other people have died of leukemia (231 observed cases) and different
cancers (334 observed) attributed to exposure to radiation released by the bombs. In both
cities, the large majority of the deaths were civilians.
80,000 peoplesin Nagasaki
in Hiroshima

16. Photography of Hiroshima before
the Atomic Bomb.
Photography post-bombing
Hiroshima.

17. VICTIMS OF ATTACK

18. Through the atomic bomb, scientist have
discovered how to harness the power of
nuclear energy. Nuclear power plants are far
more efficient than traditional power plants.
The medical field has also taken advantage of
the atomic bomb. Technology used in the
atomic bomb is also used for CAT scans and
chemotherapy.
Not all by-products of the atomic
bomb have been negative

19. At the end of the war, Japan was occupied
by Allied forces led by the United States with
contributions from British India, Australia and
New Zealand, the United Kingdom, that it
adopted the "three non-nuclear principles",
which forbade Japan have nuclear weapons
On August 14th, 1945, six days after the
bombing of Nagasaki, Japan it
surrendered unconditionally. The emperor
himself made the announcement of the
end of the war through the radio; It was
the first time in history that the Japanese
could hear the voice of their emperor. With
this release, the Emperor renounced his
divine status. But this surrender was made
formal on 2 September with the signing of
the Act of capitulation.
Japanese surrender in World War II

20. The Manhattan Project officially ended in 1946
when it became part of the Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC).
The Manhattan project not only helped bring
an end to World War II, but it also advanced
the knowledge of the atomic age and
determined how future wars would be fought.
Soon after the Manhattan Project became a success, the
Soviet Union developed their own atomic bomb. First these
weapons were attached to bombers, but soon space-based
systems were developed. These systems utilized rockets that
could take a nuclear warhead from one side of the globe to
another in under an hour. Since the 1950's, there has
existed an amount of weaponry on earth great enough to
destroy humanity. No one has used these weapons against
another country since WWII because of Mutally Assured
Destruction (MAD). If the US were to launch an attack
against Russia, the Russians would immediately retaliate by
launching their missiles, and not only would the US be
destroyed, but Russia would as well.
the Soviet Union developed their own
atomic bomb

21. Although some scientists approved the
use of the bomb before and after its
release, many of them were affected by
the terrible effects their creation had on
the two Japanese cities
The scientists began to actively involved in
politics. Thus began what It is known as
the "Scientific Movement"
"Scientific Movement"

22. thanks!