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All About Dengue Fever
BY
DR.MUHAMMAD ASGHAR (Ph.D)
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE (PP)

PEST WARNING & QUALITY CONTROL
OF PESTICIDES, LAHORE
muhammad-asghar@hotmail.com
Contents
1. What is dengue fever
2. Symptoms of dengue fever
3. World distribution of Dengue
4. Dengue outbreak in Asia and Pakistan
5. Characteristics of the Aedes mosquito
6. Life cycle of the Aedes mosquito
7. How the Aedes mosquito transmit diseases
8. How to prevent the spread of dengue fever
9. Treatment of dengue fever
10. Chemical Control of Vector of dengue fever
What is dengue fever?
Dengue Fever also known as break bone fever
is an illness caused by infection with a virus
(Flavivirus) transmitted by the mosquito
Aedes aegypti rarely the A.albopictus.
World Distribution of Dengue 1999

Areas infested with Aedes aegypti
Areas with Aedes aegypti and recent epidemic dengue
GLOBAL STATUS
New infections annually: 50 million
• Deaths: 24,000 annually
• People at risk: 2.5-3 billion
• Hospitalized cases: 500 000/year
(90% of those affected are children)
• Leads to death in 5% of cases.
•About half of the world lives in “HOT ZONE”
DENGUE OUT BREAK
IN SOUTH EAST ASIA IN 2005
2005 Dengue Outbreak
Cases

Deaths

100,000
80,000

Cases

60,000
40,000
20,000
0

India, (West
Bengal)

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Pakistan

Cases

90,000

3,000

31,000

4,800

Deaths

15,000

0

58

50
DENGUE OUT BREAK IN PAKISTAN
(2006)
Dengue Fever In 2006
Cases

Deaths

3500
3000
2500

Cases

2000
1500
1000
500
0

India

Pakistan

Karachi

Lahore

Cases

3331

3230

1836

400

Deaths

49

50

30

4
18 November 2008
•
•
•
•

Punjab -799 confirmed cases and two deaths
754 cases –Lahore
Ghulam Murtaza-from Sheikhupura
"first patient with dengue to have died in
Lahore".
Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Example of a skin rash due
to dengue fever
Symptoms of Dengue Fever Conti…..
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

fever
headaches
muscle and joint pains,
skin rash and
vomiting.
Low platelet count (<100,000/mm3)
“leaky capillaries:”
Symptoms of Dengue Fever Conti…..
Characteristics of the
Aedes Mosquito
One distinct physical
feature – black and
white stripes on its
thorax and legs.
Bites during the day.
Lays its eggs in
clean, stagnant water.

Close-up of an Aedes mosquito
Characteristics of the
Aedes Mosquito

Only the female Aedes mosquito
feeds on blood. This is because
they need the protein found in
blood to produce eggs. Male
mosquitoes feed only on plant
nectar.
On average, a female Aedes
mosquito can lay about 300 eggs
during her life span of 14 to 21
days.
Life cycle of the Aedes Mosquito

1-2 days

Larvae

Pupae

4-5 days

Eggs

2-3 days

Stagnant water
How Do Aedes Mosquitoes Transmit
Diseases...
Mosquito bites and sucks
blood containing the virus
from an infected person.

And passes the virus
to healthy people
when it bites them.

Virus is carried in its
body.
Potential Breeding Grounds
Potential Breeding Grounds
Prevention…
Prevent Aedes from Breeding!
Remove ALL sources of
stagnant water.
Deny the Aedes mosquito of any
chance to breed.
Personal prevention involves the use of mosquito nets,
repellents, cover exposed skin, use of DEET-impregnated
bednets, and avoiding endemic areas.
Preventive measures
Preventive measures

Change water in vases on alternate days.
Cover all the toilet bowls in the home.
Preventive measures

Remove water from flowerpot plates on
alternate days.
Preventive measures

Turn over all pails and water storage containers.
Seal off the overflow pipes of flushing cistern.
Preventive measures

Cover bamboo pole holders
when not in use.
Preventive measures

Clear blockages and put Bti insecticide in roof
gutters monthly.
Preventive measures

Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups
and bottles can collect rain water
and breed mosquitoes.
Preventive measures

Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups
and bottles can collect rain water
and breed mosquitoes.
Treatment
of
Dengue Fever
Dengue Vaccine?
• No licensed vaccine at present
• Effective, safe and affordable vaccine will not
be available in the immediate future
Dengue Treatment?
• Fluids
• Rest
• Antipyretics (avoid aspirin and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs)
• Monitor blood pressure, hematocrit, platelet
count, level of consciousness.
• In case of severe bleeding, give fresh whole blood
20 ml/kg as a bolus.
• – Give platelet rich plasma transfusion
exceptionally when platelet counts are below
5,000–10,000/ mm3.
Chemical Control of
Vector of Dengue Fever
oThe main tactic used in fighting Dengue is
eradicating the mosquito.
oAdd some granular insecticide to places that
mosquitoes could potentially breed, such as flower
vases and places where stagnant water could not
be removed (try to remove all stagnant water.
Don’t let it lay its eggs).
oPublic spraying for mosquitoes is the most important
aspect of this approach.
oThe use of IGRs and Bacillus thuringiensis-14 (Bti)
as larvicides in addition to temephos (OP) and
pyrethroid insecticides also suggested.
Thanks to all the honourable
authors and websites from where
I have taken some material

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Dengue Fever at a glance

  • 1.
  • 2. All About Dengue Fever BY DR.MUHAMMAD ASGHAR (Ph.D) ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE (PP) PEST WARNING & QUALITY CONTROL OF PESTICIDES, LAHORE muhammad-asghar@hotmail.com
  • 3. Contents 1. What is dengue fever 2. Symptoms of dengue fever 3. World distribution of Dengue 4. Dengue outbreak in Asia and Pakistan 5. Characteristics of the Aedes mosquito 6. Life cycle of the Aedes mosquito 7. How the Aedes mosquito transmit diseases 8. How to prevent the spread of dengue fever 9. Treatment of dengue fever 10. Chemical Control of Vector of dengue fever
  • 4. What is dengue fever? Dengue Fever also known as break bone fever is an illness caused by infection with a virus (Flavivirus) transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti rarely the A.albopictus.
  • 5. World Distribution of Dengue 1999 Areas infested with Aedes aegypti Areas with Aedes aegypti and recent epidemic dengue
  • 6. GLOBAL STATUS New infections annually: 50 million • Deaths: 24,000 annually • People at risk: 2.5-3 billion • Hospitalized cases: 500 000/year (90% of those affected are children) • Leads to death in 5% of cases. •About half of the world lives in “HOT ZONE”
  • 7. DENGUE OUT BREAK IN SOUTH EAST ASIA IN 2005 2005 Dengue Outbreak Cases Deaths 100,000 80,000 Cases 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 India, (West Bengal) Sri Lanka Thailand Pakistan Cases 90,000 3,000 31,000 4,800 Deaths 15,000 0 58 50
  • 8. DENGUE OUT BREAK IN PAKISTAN (2006) Dengue Fever In 2006 Cases Deaths 3500 3000 2500 Cases 2000 1500 1000 500 0 India Pakistan Karachi Lahore Cases 3331 3230 1836 400 Deaths 49 50 30 4
  • 9. 18 November 2008 • • • • Punjab -799 confirmed cases and two deaths 754 cases –Lahore Ghulam Murtaza-from Sheikhupura "first patient with dengue to have died in Lahore".
  • 10. Symptoms of Dengue Fever Example of a skin rash due to dengue fever
  • 11. Symptoms of Dengue Fever Conti….. o o o o o o o fever headaches muscle and joint pains, skin rash and vomiting. Low platelet count (<100,000/mm3) “leaky capillaries:”
  • 12. Symptoms of Dengue Fever Conti…..
  • 13. Characteristics of the Aedes Mosquito One distinct physical feature – black and white stripes on its thorax and legs. Bites during the day. Lays its eggs in clean, stagnant water. Close-up of an Aedes mosquito
  • 14. Characteristics of the Aedes Mosquito Only the female Aedes mosquito feeds on blood. This is because they need the protein found in blood to produce eggs. Male mosquitoes feed only on plant nectar. On average, a female Aedes mosquito can lay about 300 eggs during her life span of 14 to 21 days.
  • 15. Life cycle of the Aedes Mosquito 1-2 days Larvae Pupae 4-5 days Eggs 2-3 days Stagnant water
  • 16. How Do Aedes Mosquitoes Transmit Diseases... Mosquito bites and sucks blood containing the virus from an infected person. And passes the virus to healthy people when it bites them. Virus is carried in its body.
  • 20. Prevent Aedes from Breeding! Remove ALL sources of stagnant water. Deny the Aedes mosquito of any chance to breed. Personal prevention involves the use of mosquito nets, repellents, cover exposed skin, use of DEET-impregnated bednets, and avoiding endemic areas.
  • 22. Preventive measures Change water in vases on alternate days. Cover all the toilet bowls in the home.
  • 23. Preventive measures Remove water from flowerpot plates on alternate days.
  • 24. Preventive measures Turn over all pails and water storage containers. Seal off the overflow pipes of flushing cistern.
  • 25. Preventive measures Cover bamboo pole holders when not in use.
  • 26. Preventive measures Clear blockages and put Bti insecticide in roof gutters monthly.
  • 27. Preventive measures Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups and bottles can collect rain water and breed mosquitoes.
  • 28. Preventive measures Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups and bottles can collect rain water and breed mosquitoes.
  • 30. Dengue Vaccine? • No licensed vaccine at present • Effective, safe and affordable vaccine will not be available in the immediate future
  • 31. Dengue Treatment? • Fluids • Rest • Antipyretics (avoid aspirin and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs) • Monitor blood pressure, hematocrit, platelet count, level of consciousness. • In case of severe bleeding, give fresh whole blood 20 ml/kg as a bolus. • – Give platelet rich plasma transfusion exceptionally when platelet counts are below 5,000–10,000/ mm3.
  • 32. Chemical Control of Vector of Dengue Fever
  • 33. oThe main tactic used in fighting Dengue is eradicating the mosquito. oAdd some granular insecticide to places that mosquitoes could potentially breed, such as flower vases and places where stagnant water could not be removed (try to remove all stagnant water. Don’t let it lay its eggs). oPublic spraying for mosquitoes is the most important aspect of this approach. oThe use of IGRs and Bacillus thuringiensis-14 (Bti) as larvicides in addition to temephos (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides also suggested.
  • 34. Thanks to all the honourable authors and websites from where I have taken some material

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Good morning/afternoon everyone, I’m sure you all know that dengue is a serious problem now, but how much about dengue do you really know?
  2. Today I’ll be sharing with you more information about dengue, meant for all schools, from The National Environment Agency. I will explain how dengue is spread and what we can do to stop it. Please listen carefully as dengue can strike anyone…you and me.  
  3. So what is dengue fever? Dengue fever is an illness caused by the dengue virus which is spread by the Aedes mosquito.  
  4. Good morning/afternoon everyone, I’m sure you all know that dengue is a serious problem now, but how much about dengue do you really know?
  5. Good morning/afternoon everyone, I’m sure you all know that dengue is a serious problem now, but how much about dengue do you really know?
  6. How do you know if you have dengue fever? You have dengue fever if you have a fever that does not go away even after a few days; You may also experience headaches, muscle and joint pains, skin rash, and vomiting.
  7. How do you know if you have dengue fever? You have dengue fever if you have a fever that does not go away even after a few days; You may also experience headaches, muscle and joint pains, skin rash, and vomiting.
  8. Now I’ll tell you about the Aedes mosquito which spreads dengue. 1) You can identify an Aedes mosquitoe from other mosquitoes by the black &amp; white stripes on its body and legs. Because of this, it is also known as the ‘tiger mosquito. 2) It usually bites during the day. 3) The Aedes mosquito lays its eggs in clean, stagnant water. A pool of water as small as a twenty cent coin is all that is needed for it to breed. 
  9. Only the female mosquitoes feed on blood, as they need the blood protein to lay their eggs.   Despite a short life span of two to three weeks, each female Aedes mosquito is able to lay up to 300 eggs.
  10. As seen in this diagram of the Aedes mosquito’s life cycle, it only takes about a week for the mosquito complete the 4 stages consisting of the egg, larva and pupa stage before it becomes an adult mosquito. As one female mosquito lays up to 300 eggs each time, just imagine how many mosquitoes can be hatched!
  11. We all know by now that the Aedes mosquito spreads the dengue virus, but how exactly do they do it? Mosquitoes cannot transmit the dengue virus amongst themselves, they need to first bite a person who is already infected with the dengue virus. The infected mosquito will then carry the dengue virus and pass it onto a healthy person when it bites him/her and causing them to fall sick. The cycle then continues with the new victim.
  12. We all know by now that the Aedes mosquito spreads the dengue virus, but how exactly do they do it? Mosquitoes cannot transmit the dengue virus amongst themselves, they need to first bite a person who is already infected with the dengue virus. The infected mosquito will then carry the dengue virus and pass it onto a healthy person when it bites him/her and causing them to fall sick. The cycle then continues with the new victim.
  13. We all know by now that the Aedes mosquito spreads the dengue virus, but how exactly do they do it? Mosquitoes cannot transmit the dengue virus amongst themselves, they need to first bite a person who is already infected with the dengue virus. The infected mosquito will then carry the dengue virus and pass it onto a healthy person when it bites him/her and causing them to fall sick. The cycle then continues with the new victim.
  14. So now that you know more about the dengue, what can you do to stop it?
  15. Here are the 10-minute mozzie wipe out exercise that you could work on to help get rid of stagnant water in and around your house.
  16. Change water in vases on alternate days.
  17. Remove water from flower-pot plates on alternate day.
  18. Turn over all pails and water storage containers.
  19. Tell your parents or any adults in your house to cover bamboo pole holders when they are not in use.
  20. And tell your parents or any adults in your house to clear blockages and put BTI insecticide in roof gutters monthly.
  21. Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups ad bottles can collect rain water and breed mosquitoes.
  22. Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups ad bottles can collect rain water and breed mosquitoes.
  23. Good morning/afternoon everyone, I’m sure you all know that dengue is a serious problem now, but how much about dengue do you really know?
  24. Good morning/afternoon everyone, I’m sure you all know that dengue is a serious problem now, but how much about dengue do you really know?
  25. Good morning/afternoon everyone, I’m sure you all know that dengue is a serious problem now, but how much about dengue do you really know?
  26. Good morning/afternoon everyone, I’m sure you all know that dengue is a serious problem now, but how much about dengue do you really know?
  27. Good morning/afternoon everyone, I’m sure you all know that dengue is a serious problem now, but how much about dengue do you really know?