1. Drinking
water
&
Lead
Contamina2on
Kari
Knisely1,
Aus2n
Atkins2,
Jeff
Cunningham3
1.
Sligh
Middle
School;
2.
Department
of
Civil
&
Environmental
Engineering,
University
of
South
Florida
3.
Department
of
Civil
&
Environmental
Engineering,
University
of
South
Florida
Abstract
Approach
Conclusions
In
Madagascar
only
47%
of
the
popula+on
has
access
to
clean
drinking
water.
In
the
Eastern
part
of
the
island,
local
ar+sans
dig
shallow
3
Methods
tested
Aker
researching
the
different
methods
displayed
in
drinking
water
wells
and
install
locally
manufactured
pumps.
Lead
1. Atomic
Absorp+on
Spectroscopy
(AAS)
the
table,
the
ASV
has
proven
to
be
consistent
in
its
from
old
ba5eries
is
used
for
various
parts
of
these
pump
systems
as
2. Anodic
Stripping
Voltammetry
(ASV)
results
while
the
Colorimetry
methods
have
been
very
floats
and
as
solder
on
the
screen
in
contact
with
the
water.
3. Field
Kit
-­‐
Colorimeter
inconsistent.
Preliminary
sampling
of
wells
in
2010
and
analysis
for
lead
using
ICP-­‐
MS
at
the
University
of
South
Florida
(USF)
indicated
that
there
were
some
wells
with
lead
levels
above
safe
limits
of
10
ug/L
as
set
by
the
7
Concentra+on
Levels
made
to
be
tested
The
Anodic
Stripping
Voltammetry
(ASV),
clearly
is
the
World
Health
Organiza+on.
Through
the
Master’s
Interna+onal
• 1
mg/L
best
and
most
reliable
method
for
accurate
readings
of
program
in
Civil
and
Environmental
Engineering
at
USF,
our
team
• 150
μg/L
lead
contamina+ons
less
than
100
μg/L.
It
is
unclear
at
currently
has
a
member
on
the
ground
in
Madagascar
who
wishes
to
• 100
μg/L
this
+me,
what
method
is
most
accurate
and
test
these
levels
in
the
field.
This
research
compared
the
effec+veness
• 50
μg/L
recommended
for
concentra+on
levels
over
100
μg/L,
of
different
analy+cal
methods
to
measure
the
level
of
lead
• 10
μg/L
but
will
con+nue
to
be
researched.
The
ASV
is
contamina+on
in
drinking
water.
The
mobile/portable
analy+cal
methods
include
Anodic
Stripping
Voltammetry
(ASV)
and
Colorimetry
• 5
μg/L
lightweight,
easy
to
use,
and
does
not
require
with
various
reagents
for
color
development.
Analysis
via
lab
based
• 1
μg/L
electricity
as
well
as
fairly
accurate
when
used
to
test
methods
like
the
Graphite
Furnace
Atomic
Absorp+on
Spectroscopy
the
lead
levels
in
the
standards.
Results
(GFAAS)
were
used
to
compare
with
the
field
based
kits.
The
results
from
this
work
will
be
used
to
iden+fy
the
most
suitable
method
of
At
this
+me,
it
will
be
recommended
that
USF
select
analysis
for
field
measurements
of
lead
in
drinking
water
in
the
ASV
as
the
measurement
method
to
be
used
in
the
Madagascar.
u The
AA
requires
electricity,
gas,
and
is
not
a
mobile
method
field
in
Madagascar
to
measure
the
lead
concentra+on
u The
ASV
was
extremely
self
explanatory,
accurate,
the
fastest
Background
method,
lightweight
and
mobile
requiring
4
AA
ba5eries
levels
in
the
drinking
water
supplies.
While
traveling
to
Madagascar,
USF
iden+fied
a
major
u The
Colorimeter
was
not
consistent
in
its
readings,
the
chemical
health
risk
for
the
residents
of
the
under
developed
tes+ng
process
was
extremely
complicated
and
+me
consuming,
but
third
world
country.
The
most
common
source
was
very
lightweight
and
mobile
requiring
ba5eries.
currently
used
in
most
villages
to
retrieve
drinking
water
is
being
made
out
of
melted
lead.
The
assump+on
is
that
the
level
of
lead
found
in
their
drinking
water
pumped
from
these
units
contain
an
The
table
below
demonstrates
the
readings
each
method
displayed
each
5me
it
was
tested.
The
closer
to
the
standard
the
more
accurate
the
test.
References
unhealthy
concentra+on
of
lead
posing
even
more
Standard
Method
1
Method
2
Method
3
Method
3
u All
photos
taken
from
google
images
or
personal
serious
health
risks
to
the
country
already
struggling
Levels
AA
ASV
Field
Kit-­‐
Colorimeter
Field
Kit
–
Colorimeter
camera
to
survive
many
water
borne
illnesses.
USF
is
seeking
w/
HACH
Chemicals
w/
Leadquick
Chemicals
to
iden+fy
which
method
would
be
most
efficient
yet
1
mg/L
TBA
Not
in
range
Not
a5empted
Not
aWempted
effec+ve
to
use
in
the
field
where
electricity
is
usually
not
available.
150
μg/L
TBA
Not
in
range
123
100,
55,
75
100
μg/L
TBA
95
Not
a5empted
63,
55,
43
Objec2ve
50
μg/L
10
μg/L
TBA
TBA
44,
42,
49,
44
7,
3
30
Not
a5empted
34,
29,
32
<3,
<3,
<3
To
compare
results
given
by
3
different
methods
on
the
7
different
lead
concentra+on
levels
in
drinking
water
and
conclude
which
method
is
5
μg/L
TBA
6,
5
Not
a5empted
<3,
<3,
<3
most
effec+ve
to
be
used
in
the
field
in
Madagascar.
2
μg/L
TBA
14,
20
Not
a5empted
Not
aWempted
0
μg/L
TBA
48,
14
Not
a5empted
<3,
<3,
<3
For
more
informa+on
about
the
program
visit:
h5p://wareret.net.
The
Water
Awareness
Research
and
Educa+on
(WARE)
Research
Experience
for
Teachers
(RET)
is
funded
by
the
Na+onal
Science
Founda+on
under
award
number
1200682.