Crossroad is a Malayalam Tabloid fortnightly newspaper with full of news, views and information. It includes Business, Products, Management, Real Estate, Banking, Insurance, Tax, Share Market, Health, Medicine, Fashion, Travel, Hospitality, Cinema, Sports, Hobby, Literature, Arts, Vehicle, Law and more, which is publishing 1st and 15th of every month from Kochi, Kerala State, India. Address: Thomas Mathai Karikkampallil, Executive Editor, Crossroad, P.B.No: 4238, House 68/2340, Cherupushpam Lane, Kaloor P.O., Kochi-682017, Kerala, India. E-mail: karikkampallil@gmail.com Mobile: + 91 9847738883

1. cmyk
hm¿- Ø - I ƒ - m - e p- ] m- S p- n- ∂ p- w -
2009 P-p-h-cn- 15˛31 I sIm-®n- I ]p-kv-X-Iw- 03 I e-°-w- 04 I t]-Pv- 16 I hn-e- 10 cq-]-
tIm-Sn-tb-cn- _m-e-Ir- jv-W≥
tP-° -_v- ]p-∂q-kv
hn≥-k-¨- Fw.- t]mƒ
a-tm-Pv- G-{_-lmw tXm-a-kv- a-Øm-bn- I-cn-°w-]-≈n¬-
C-¥y-bn¬- sIm-®n- Dƒ-∏-sS-bp-≈- -K-c-ß-fn¬- `o-I-cm-{I-a-W-Øn-p- km-[y-X-bp-s≠-∂- ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v- m-´p-Im-sc- sR-´n-®p.-
F-∂m¬- A-Xn-s- F-ß-s- t-cn-Sm-sa-∂p- A-[n-Ir-X-cpw- P--ß-fpw- ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn- Nn-¥n-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv- F-√m-h¿-°pw-
sN-dp-Xm-sb-¶n-epw- B-izm-kw- -ev-Ip-∂p.- Xo-{h-hm-Z- hn-cp-≤-hn-Im-c-sØ- i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥-
I-e-Iƒ- A-Sn-ÿm--am-°n-bp-≈- t_m-[-h-Xv-°-c-W-hpw- {i-t≤-b-am-Ip-∂p.-
Sn.-hn-{Iw sabn≥ tÃmdn 2, 3 t]Pp-I-fn¬
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crossroad graphics
cmyk

2. 2 2009 P-p-h-cn- 15˛31
I-S-tem-c- kp-c-£-bv-°v- G-sd- {]m-[m-yw-:- B-`y-¥-c-a-{¥n-
tIcfØn-s‚- I-S¬-Øo-c߃- kp-c£m-`o-£Wn- t-cn-
- - - - - - cp-Øp-∂Xn--v I-Stem-c- {]-tZ-ißfn-se- t]m-eo-k-v tÃ-jp-Iƒ-
- - - - - Z-cthm-sS- kvacn-®-v `m-hn-bn-ep-≠m-Im-hp-∂- B-{I-aWßsf- sN-dp-
- - - - - -
Sp-∂- km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬- I-S-tem-c- kp-c-£-bv-°v- G-sd- {]m-[m- tI-{µ-am-bp-≈- I-Stem-c- kp-c£m- k-an-Xn-Iƒ-°pw- a-’y-sØm-
- - °m-m-IWsa-∂-v sk≥-{S-¬- td-©-v sF.-Pn.-hn≥-k¨- Fw.- t]mƒ.-
- - -
y-ap-s≠-∂-v B-`y-¥c- a-{¥n- tIm-Sn-tb-cn- _m-eIr-jW≥.- t]m-
- - -v gn-em-fn-Ifp-sS- t-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈- Pm-{K-Xm- k-an-Xn-Iƒ-°pw- cq-
- P-߃- Pm-{K-Xbp-≈hcm-bm¬- `o-Icm-{I-aWßsf- ap≥-
- - - - - - - -
eo-kpw- a-’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ- Dƒ-∏sS-bp-≈- P-ßfpw- tN¿-
- - - ]w- -eIpw.-
-v Iq-´n- X-S-bm-m-Ip-sa-∂v- sIm-®n- kn-‰n- t]m-eo-kv- I-Ωo-j-W¿-
∂p-≈- Pm-{K-Xm- k-an-Xn-Iƒ- C-t∏m-gsØ- B-hiy-am-bn-°gn-™n-
- - - kw-ÿm-sØ- kp-i‡am-b- t]m-eo-k-v kw-hn-[m-߃- D-
- - - - a-tm-Pv- G-{_-lmw.-
cn-°p-∂p.- I-Sen¬- cm-Py-Øn-v- F-Xn-cm-bn- -S°p-∂- {]-h¿-Ø-
- - ]-tbm-Kn-®-v tI-cfØn¬- `o-Icm-{I-aWßsf- X-Sbm-m-Ip-sa-∂-v Un.-
- - - - - - - Xo-{h-hm-Z-{]-h¿-Ø--߃-s°-Xn-tc- {]-Xn-I-cn-°m≥- P--
-߃- D-SSn- A-dn-tb-≠Xp-≠.v - A-Xn--v a-’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ-
- - - Pn.-]n- tP-°_-v ]p-∂q-k.v -
- ß-fp-sS- Iq-´m-babm-Wv- th-≠sX-∂v- sU-]yq-´n- I-Ωo-jW¿- Sn.-
v- - - -
°v- G-sd- k-lm-bn-°m≥- I-gn-bpw.- P-߃-°-v kp-c£- D-d∏p-h-
- - - ho-car-Xyp- h-cn-®- I¿-a[o-ccm-b- t]m-eo-k-v tk-mw-Kßsf- B-
- - - - - hn-{Iw.-
apw-ss_-:- A-Xn-`o-Xn-P--I-am-b- B-Lm-Xw-
A-Xn-`o-Xn-P--I-am-b- B-Lm-X-am-Wv- apw- Øn¬- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- _-elo-Xbm-bm-Wv- I-W- hn-Sp-Ib√- th-≠Xv.-
- - - - - -
ss_- `o-Icm-{I-aWw- C-¥y-°p- h-cp-Øn-h®X.v - cm-
- - - - °m-°s∏-Sp-∂X.v - hn-tZ-iØp- n-∂-v I-S∂p-hcp-∂-
- - - - - A-ta-cn-°-bn¬- 2001 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 11˛-v- -S-
Py-Øn-s‚- km-ºØn-I- X-eÿm-sa-∂dn-bs∏-
- - - - - `o-I-c-sc- t-cn-Sm≥- {]-Xn-tcm-[- tk--bv-°pw- cm- ∂- `o-Icm-{I-aWw- A-£cm¿-YØn¬- B- cm-Py-
- - - -
Sp-∂- apw-ss_-bn¬- hy-Xy-kX- `o-Icm-{I-aWß-
v- - - - Py-Øn-IsØ- kp-c£- D-d∏m-°m≥- B-`y-¥c- sØ- sR-´n-®- kw-`ham-bn-cp-∂p.- Po-hlm-n-bp-
- - - - - - - -
sS-bpw- m-ijSßfp-sS-bpw- A-Sn-ÿm-Øn¬-
- - -v - - -
am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√- A-h¿- B- kw-`-h-sØ- hn-e-
bn-cp-Øn-bXv.- kp-c£m-tIm-´Ifp-sS- ]m-fn-®Iƒ-
- - - - -
A-h¿- A-∂v- i-cn-°pw- a-kn-em-°n.- A-Xn-p-ti- -
jw-
h-fsc- Pm-Kcq-Kcm-bn- A-ta-cn-°°m¿.-
- - - -
apw-ss_-bn¬- B-{I-aWw- -SØn-b- `o-Ic¿- - - -
I-S¬- am¿-Kam-W-v F-Øn-bsX-∂m-W-v hn-hcw.- A-
- - -
Xn¿-Øn-Ifp-sS- kp-c£sb-°p-dn-®v- G-sd- D-XvI-
- - - -
WvTs∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-Ibm-W.v - tI-cfØn-s‚- Xo-
- - - - -
c-{]-tZ-i߃- t]m-epw- G-sd-
-
{]-Xn-tcm-[- {]m-[m-y-ap-≈Xm-sW-∂pw- B-{I- -
a-W- km-[y-XIƒ- A-ßIse-bp-≈- A-Xn¿-Øn-
- - -
I-fn¬- am-{X-as√-∂pw- -
{]-Xn-tcm-[a{¥n- F.-sI.-B‚Wn- Nq-≠n-°m-
- - - -
´n-bXv- {i-t≤-bw- X-s∂.-
-
fn¬- sIm-√∏´hcp-sS- kw-Jy- tem-Iakm-£n-
- - - - - - - kp-c£m- G-P≥-kn-Iƒ-°pw- I-gn-tb-≠Xp-≠.v - kw-
- -
sb- sR-´n-®p.- ÿm-- `-cWIq-Sßfpw- {]-Xn-]£hp-sam-s°- cm-
- - - - - -
cm-Py-Øn-s‚- H-cp- {]-tZ-ihpw- kp-c£n-Xa√-
- - - - Py-∑sb- I-W°m-°n- H-tc- e-£y-Øn¬- o-ßp-
- - -
F-∂- Xn-cn-®dn-hv- cm-Py-sØ- F-√m- P-ßsf-bpw-
- - - I-bm-W-v th-≠X.v - cm-Py-Øn-s‚- kp-c£,- hn-Ik-
- - -
`o-Xn-bp-sS- apƒ-ap-bn¬- n¿-Øp-Ibm-W.v - B-h¿-
- - w,- P-ßfp-sS- ]p-tcm-KXn- Xp-Sßn-b- Im-cy-ß-
- - - -
Øn-®v- -S-°p-∂- `o-I-cm-{I-a-W-߃- {]-Xy-£- fn¬- C-Sp-ßn-b- cm-j{So-b- Xm-X]cy-߃- I-SØn-
-v -v - -
`o-I-c -c-ln-X m-S-n-m-bn- sIm-®n- kn-‰n- t]m-eo-kv-
Xo-{h-hm-Zw- a-p-jy-kaq-lsØ- Im-¿∂p-Xn-∂p-
- - - Xm-cßfpw- cmjv{So-b,- kmw-kIm-cn-I- m-bIcpw-
- - - v- - - cp- e-£-Øn¬-]-cw- t{]-£-I¿- sa-Km-tjm-bv-°v- kn-U≥-jy¬- A-tkm-kn-tb-jp-Ifpam-bn- k-l- - -
∂- m-fp-Ifn¬- Xo-{h-hm-Z- hn-cp-≤- k-aq-lsØ- i-
- - tjm-bn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-°pw.- {io-im-¥S°w- C-¥y≥- - - km-£n-Ifm-Ip-hm≥- F-Øp-sa-∂-v I-cp-Xp-∂p.-
- I-cn-®-v hn-]p-eam-b- t_m-[hXIcW- ]-cn-]m-Sn-°pw-
- - - -v - -
‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥- sIm-®n- kn-‰n- t]m-eo-k.v - P-ß- - {In-°‰-v So-an-se- {]ap-J- Xm-c߃-°p-]p-dsa- tem-
- - - quot;sIm-®n-°m¿- Pm-{K-Xbp-≈hcmb-ncn-°p-I;- Xo-
- - - - kn-‰n- t]m-eo-k-v e-£y-an-Sp-∂p-≠.v - t]m-k‰dp-Ifpw- -v - -
fn¬- Xo-{h-hm-ZØn-s-Xn-sc-bp-≈- t_m-[hXIcWw-
- - - -v - - I- kp-µcn- a-’cØn-¬- A-Æ¿-˛A-]-v B-bn- tI-c-
- - - {h-hm-Z- {]-h¿-Øsa-∂-v kw-ibap-W¿-Øp-∂sX-
- - - - - tlm¿-Unw-Kp-Ifpw- e-Lp-te-JIfp-aS°ap-≈- t_m-
- - - -- -
i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-I- F-∂- e-£y-am-W-v t]m-eo-kn-.v - f-Øn-s‚- A-`n-am-am-bn- am-dn-b- ]m¿-hXn- Hm-a-
- - - ¥pw- D-S≥- t]meo-kn¬- A-dn-bn-°p-I'- F-∂-Xm- [-hXIcW- D-]m-[n-Iƒ-s°m-∏w- A-]cn-Nn-Xcp-sS-
- -v - - - -
P-ph-cn- 26˛v- ssh-Ip-t∂-cw- 6.-30˛v- F-dWm- - °p-´pw- B-kv]n-tc-j≥-kn-v- X-mc{]-`- ]-Icpw.-
- - - - - Wv- {]-Nm-cW- ]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifp-sS- ap-{Z-mhm-Iy-am-bn-
- - - bpw- -Kchmkn-Ifp-sS-bpw- ]q¿-W- hn-hc߃- tc-
- - - - -
Ip-fw- sI.-Fk.v B¿.-Sn.-kn- _-k-v kv‰m‚n--v k-ao-
- - - s]¿-°j≥- am-{¥n-I≥- in-haWnbp-sS- {]-IS-
- - - -- - - kn-‰n- t]m-eo-kv- kzo-Icn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- C-Xv- hn-P-
- - J-s∏-Sp-Øn- kq-£n-°p-hm-p-am-Wv- D-t±-in-°p-∂-
]-ap-≈- tUm.- Aw-t_-ZI¿- kvt‰-Un-bØn¬- sIm-
-v - - hpw- tjm-sb- A-hn-kacWo-bam-°pw.- -v - - - b-{]-Z-am-°p-hm≥- B‚n- sS-d- d-n-kw- tSmƒ- {^o- Xv.- Hm-tcm- dkn-U≥-jy¬- A-tkm-kn-tb-jn¬n- -
®n- kn-‰n- t]m-eo-kv- H-cp°p-∂- sa-Kmtjm--tbm-sS-
-- H-cp- kv-t‰-Pv- tjm- F-∂-Xn-ep-]-cn- Xo-{h-hm-Z- sl¬-]-v sse≥- -º¿- tjm-tbm-Sp-_‘n-®-v kn- - - ∂pw- sX-cs™-Sp-°s∏-Sp-∂h¿-°-v Xo-{h-hm-Z- hn-
- - -
t_m-[h-XIcW- ]-cn-]m-Sn-°-v Xp-S°amIpw. quot;B-
-v - - - - hn-cp-≤- k-tµ-i߃- I-ebn-eq-sS- P-ßfn-te-°-v
- - - - ‰n- t]m-eokv- ]p-dØn-d°p∂p-≠.v -
- - cp-≤- ]cn-io-ew- ¬-Ip-hm-pw- H-cp-°ßƒ- ]p-
- -
kv]n-tc-j≥-k,v - ss^-‰-v F-sK-b≥k‰-v sSd-dn- kw'-
- v - -v - F-Øn-°p-I- F-∂Xm-W-v sa-Km-tjm-sIm-≠-v kn-‰n-
- kw-ibIcam-bn- F-¥p- {]-hr-Øn- I-≠m-epw-
- - - - tcm-K-an-®p-I-gn-™p.- C-Xn-s‚- Xp-S-°-sa-∂- n-e-
F-∂m-Wv- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bp-sS- t]-cv.- ln-µn,- X-an-gv,- a-e- t]m-eo-kv- e-£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv.- Xo-{h-hm-Z-Øn-s‚- Zq- D-S≥- dn-t∏m¿-´v- sN-øm-m-bn- 9656 000 100 F-∂- bn¬- 17˛v- F-d-W-m-Ip-fw- Su¨- lm-fn¬- d-kn-
bm-fw,- sX-ep-¶v- kn-n-aIfn¬-n-∂p-ap-≈- {]-apJ-
- - jy-߃- ]-S¿-Øp-∂- `o-IcXbpw- C-Xn-s- {]-Xn- - - - -ºdn-em-Wv- dn-t∏m¿-´v- sN-tø-≠Xv.- 24 a-Wn-°q-
- - U≥-jy¬- A-tkm-kn-tb-j≥- {]-Xn-n-[n-Iƒ-°p-
Xm-c߃- A-Wn-n-c°p-∂- sa-Km-tjm-,- tI-cfw I-
- - - tcm-[n-°m-p-≈- B-lzm-hpw- tjm-bn¬- n-gen- - - dpw- Cu- `o-Ichn-cp-≤- c-lky- sl¬-]sse≥- {]-
- - - -v ≈- Xo-{h-hm-Z- hn-cp-≤- t_m-[hXIcW- ¢m-k-v t]m- - - -v - -
≠-Xn¬-h-®v- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- kv-t‰-Pv- tjm-bm-bn- ®p- n¬-°pw.- h¿-Øn-°pw.- eo-kv- kw-LSn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.--
am-dp-sa-∂m-Wv- {]-Xo-£.- X-o{h-hm-ZØn-s-Xn-sc- - - m-ep- a-Wn-°q¿- o-≠p-n¬-°p-∂- sa-Km-tjm- t-csØ- ]p-Xp-h’-cm-iw-km- Im¿-Up-Ifn¬-
- - Hm-t´-mdn-£,- SmIvkn- ss{Uh¿-am¿,- Xn-c°p-
- - -
H-cp- h¿-jw- o-≠p-n¬-°p-∂- t_m-[hXIcW- - - v- - - kw-Ko-Xw,- r-Øw,- kvIn-‰p-Iƒ,- k-tµ-i߃- F- - - Xo-{h-hm-Z- hn-cp-≤- k-tµ-i߃- B-te-Jw- sN- - - ≈- ÿ-eßfn¬- I-SIƒ- -SØp-∂h¿,- a-’y-_-
- - - - -
]-cn-]m-Sn- quot;A-te¿-´v- tI-cf'- F-∂- t]-cn¬- sa-Km-
- ∂n-hbm¬- k-ºp-jSam-bn-cn-°pw.- C-t∂-hsc- I-
- v- - - bvX-v {]-Nm-cW- ]-cn]m-Sn-Iƒ-°-v Xp-S°w-Ip-dn-®n-cp-
- - - ‘-Øn¬- G¿-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂h¿,- tlm-´¬- sk-
- -
tjm- th-Zn-bn¬- D-Zv-Lm-S-w- sN-ø-s∏-Spw.- B-`y- ≠n-´p-≈- kvt‰-Pv- tjm-Ifn¬-n-∂pw- Xn-I®pw- hn-
- - - ∂p-sh-¶n¬- C-t∏mƒ- hym-]Iam-b- tXm-Xn¬- t_m- - - Iyq-cn-‰n- Po-h°m¿- F-∂n-hcp-sS- ]-cn-io-eam-
- - - - -
¥-c h-Ip-∏p-a{¥n- tIm-Sn-tb-cn- _m-eIr-jW≥-- quot;B-
- - -v `n-∂am-b- co-Xn-bn-em-Wv- Cu- sa-Km-tjm- Nn-´s∏-
- - [-hXIcW- ]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ- kw-LSn-∏n-°p-hm-m-W-v
- -v - - - Wv- t]meo-kv- D-S≥- B-cw-`n-°p-∂Xv.- -
kv]n-tc-j≥-kv'- D-ZLm-Sw- sN-øpw.-
- v- - - Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂X.v - - sIm-®n- kn-‰n- t]m-eo-kn-s‚- e-£yw.- Ip-‰Ir-Xy-߃- Ip-db°p-∂Xn-s‚- `m-Kam-bn-
- - -v - -
quot;B-k]n-tc-j≥k'- sa-Km- kvt‰-P-v tjmbp-sS-
-v - - v - Xo-{h-hm-ZØn-s≥- th-cp-Iƒ- tI-cfØn-te-°-v
- - - 2009 Xo-{h-hm-Z- hn-cp-≤- h¿-jam-bn- {]-Jym-]n- - kn-‰n- t]m-eo-k-v -KcØn¬- ]-ebn-Sßfn-epw- L-
- - - - -
ap-Jy- B-I¿-jWw- a-ebm-fØn-se- kq-∏¿- Xm-c-
- - - ]-Scp-∂- km-lNcy-Øn-em-W-v C-Øcsam-cp- sa-Km-
- - - - - °p-∂- t]m-eo-kv,- k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ F-√m- hn-`m-K- Sn-∏n-®- Im-adIƒ- kn-‰n-bn-se-ºm-Spw- hym-]n-∏n-°p-
- -
ß-fpw- t_m-fn-hp-Un¬-n-∂p-sa-Øp-∂- Xm-ccm-Pm- - t_m-[hXIcW- ]-cn-]m-Sn-°-v kn-‰n- t]m-eo-k-v Xp-
- - -v - - ß-tf-bpw- t_m-[hXvIcn°p-hm-p-≈- I¿-a]≤-
- - - -- - - I,- kp-c£m- ]-cn-io-ehp-am-bn- _-‘s∏-´v- Iym-
- - - -
°-∑m-cp-am-bn-cn-°pw.- t_m-fn-hp-Un-se- {]-ap-J- Xm- S-°an-Sp-∂X.v - apw-ss_-bn-se- km-lNcy-߃- tI-
- - - - Xn- cq-]o-Icn-®p-Ign-™p.-
- - ºp-Iƒ- kw-LSn-∏n-Ip-I,- -KcØn-se-ºm-Spw- Xo-
- - -
c-ßsf- kvt‰-Pv- tjm-bn-te-°v- t]m-eo-kv- £-Wn-
- - c-fØn¬- B-h¿-Øn-°s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥- tI-cf- P-
- - - Xo-{h-hm-Zw- sIm-®n-bn¬- ap-fbn-Sm-p-≈- km- - {h-hm-Z- hn-cp≤- k-tµ-i߃- {]-Ncn-∏n-°p∂- tlm¿- - -
°p-∂p-≠v.- a-Ωq-´n,- tam-l≥-em¬,- kp-tc-jv- tKm- - -Xsb- t_m-[hXIcn-°p-Ibm-W-v kn-‰n- t]m-eo-
- - - -v - - l-Ncy-߃- ]m-tS- C-√m-Xm-°p-I- F-∂Xm-W-v kn-
- - Unw-Kp-Iƒ- ÿm-]n-°p-I- F-∂o- e-£y-߃- t]m-
]n,- P-bdmw,- Zn-eo-]-v Xp-Sßn- a-ebm-fØn-se- {]apJ-
- - - - kn-s‚- D-t±-iyw.- tI-cfØnse-ºm-Sp-n-∂p-ap-≈- H- - - ‰n- t]meo-kn-s‚- D-t±-iyw.- A-Xn-s‚- `m-Kam-bn- sd- - eo-kn-s‚- I¿-Ω]≤Xn-bn-ep-≠.v - - - -

3. sabn≥ kv-t‰m-dn- 2009 P-p-h-cn- 15˛31 3
-
tI-c-fo-b¿- a--kn-em-°m-Ø- `o-I-c-X-
`o-Icm-{I-aWhpw- A-Xn-s‚- `o-IcXbpw- tI-
- - - - - kw-ibm-k]Zam-b- km-lNcy-Øn¬- Im-
- -v - - - -
c-fo-b¿- t-cn-´-v a-kn-em-°n-bn-´n-√- C-Xp-hsc.- A- - - Wp-∂hsc- tNm-Zyw- sN-øpw.- D-t]-£n-°s∏-
- - -
hn-Sn-hn-sS- A-]q¿-ham-bn- -S°p-∂- Nn-e- sN-dn-b- - - ´- n-ebn¬- Im-Wp-∂- km-[߃- t_mw-_-v
- - -
Kp-≠m- B-{I-aWßfpw- kvt^m-Sßfp-a√m-sX-- - - - - - - - kvIzm-U-v ]-cn-tim-[n-°pw.-
-
tI-cfw- Xo-{h-hm-ZØn-s‚-tbm- bp-≤Øn-s‚-tbm-
- - - tI-cfØn-se- {]-[m-s∏-´- t£-{X-߃-
- - -
sI-Sp-Xn-Ifn-eq-sS- I-S∂p-t]m-bn-´n-√.-
- - °pw- ]-≈n-Iƒ-°pw- t]m-eo-kv- Im-h¬- G¿-
Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Ifp-sS- e-£y-Øn¬- tI-cfhpw- Dƒ-
- - - s∏-Sp-Øm≥- n¿-tZ-iw- ¬-In-bn-´p-≠v.- B-h-
s∏-´n-´p-s≠-∂pw- A-Xn¬- X-s∂- tI-c-f-Øn-s‚- iy-sa-¶n¬- kn.-B¿.-]n.-F-^pw- cw-K-Øn-d-
hym-hkm-bn-I- ˛- hm-Wn-Py- X-eÿm-am-b- sIm-
- - - ßm≥- k-÷-am-Wv.- {Zp-X- I¿-a-tk--bpw- k-
®n-bm-Wv- Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Ifp-sS- tm-´Øn-ep-≈sX- - - - ÷-cm-bn- n¬-°p-Ibm-W.v - kw-ibIcam-b- G-
- - - - -
∂pw- C-‚-en-P≥-kpw- tdm-bpw- t-c-sØ- ap-∂-dn- Xp- km-lNcy-tØ-bpw- t-cn-Sm≥- t]m-eo-kv-
- -
bn-∏p- -evIn-bn-´pw- A-Xym-hiyw- Nn-e- ]-cn-tim-
- - tk-b°p- I-gn-bp-sa-∂m-W-v {]-Xym-i.-
- -v
[-Ifn¬- am-{Xw- H-Xp-ßp-Ibm-W.v -
- - -
apw-ss_-bn¬- F-Øn-b- Xo-{h-hm-Zn- cm-Pyw- apƒ-ap-bn¬- n-∂- 59 a-Wn-°q¿-
-
Iƒ- kvt^m-SI- h-kvXp-°fpw- B-bp-[-
- - - - o-≠- apw-ss_-bn-se- t]m-cm-´Øn--v H-Sp-hn¬- -
ß-fp-am-bn- F-Øn-bX-v I-S¬-am¿-Kam-sW- - - A-hkm-sØ- Xo-{h-hm-Zn-sb-bpw- h-[n-®v- C-
- -
∂-X-v ¥y≥- tk-- m-Sn-s‚- A-`n-am-w- Im-°p-Ibm- -
sIm-®n-sb- kw-_‘n-®pw- {]m-[m-y- - bn-cp-∂p.- A-¥n-a- t]m-cm-´Øn-eq-sS- Xm-P-v tlm-
-
ap-≈Xm-W.v - -KcØn-p- tN¿-∂p-≈IS-
- - - - - ´¬- Xn-cn-®p- ]n-Sn-®- I-am≥-tUm-Iƒ- Xo-{h-hm-
en-eq-sS- G-Xp- k-abØpw- B¿-°pw- sIm- - - Zn-I-fp-sS- apw-ss_- B-{I-a-W-Øn-v- Xn-c-io-
®n-bn-te-°-v A-m-bm-kam-bn- F-Øn-t®- - e-bn-´p.- tlm-´¬- ]q¿-W-am-bn- -in-∏n-°m≥-
cm-sa-∂m-Wv- n-e.- 2008 -hw-_¿- 26 ap- ti-jn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- h≥- kvt^m-SIti-Jc- - - - -
X¬- 29 h-sc- apw-ss_-bn¬- -S-∂- B- hpw- I-s≠-Øn- -in-∏n-®p.-
{I-aWßfn¬- C-¥y- hn-dßen-®p- n-ev-
- - - - - Hm-∏td-j≥- ssk-t¢m-¨- F-∂- t]-cn¬-
-
°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p.- apw-ss_-bn¬- F-´n-S-
- Sm-Pn¬- -S-∂- I-am≥-tUm- Hm-∏-td-j-n¬-
ß-fn-em-Wv- I-Ø- B-{I-aWap-≠m-b- - - - tlm-´en-v- Im-cy-am-b- m-ijSap-≠m-bn-cp-
- - - v- -
Xv.- sh-Sn-sh-b∏n-epw- {K-t-U-v B-{I-aW-
-v - ∂p.-
Øn-epw- G-I-tZ-iw- 173 t]¿- a-cn-®p.- 308 Xo-{h-hm-Zn- B-{I-aWØn-s‚- ]-›m-Øe- - - -
t]¿-°-v ]-cn-t°-‰p.- H≥-]X-v `o-Iccpw- a-cn-®n-cp- - - - Øn¬- {]-[m-a{¥n- k¿-hI£n-tbm-Kw- hn-
- - - -
∂p.- fn-®n-cp-∂p.- Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ-s°-Xn-cm-b- t]m-cm-
apw-ss_- `o-Icm-{I-aWØn-s‚- ]-›m-Øe- - - - - ´-Øn¬- A-ta-cn-°- k-lm-bw- hm-KZm-w- sN- v-
Øn¬- tI-cfØn¬- A-Xo-h- Pm-{K-Xm- n¿-tZ-iw-
- - bvXp.- A-tX-kabw- B-{I-aWØn-p- ]n-∂n¬-
- - - - -
-eIn-bn-cp-∂p.- kw-ÿm-sØ- {I-akam-[m-- n-
-v - - - X-ßfm-sW-∂- B-tcm-]Ww- ]m-°n-ÿm≥- ho-
- -
e-bpw- kp-c-£m- kw-hn-[m--ß-fpw- hn-e-bn-cp- ≠pw- ho-≠pw- n-tj-[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm- -
Øm≥- t]m-eo-kn-s‚- D-∂-X-X-e- tbm-Kw- tN¿- Wv.-
∂p.- kw-ÿm-sØ- kp-c£m- kw-hn-[m-߃- - - -
Iq-Sp-X¬- i-‡am-°m-pw- n¿-tZ-i- -eIn-bn-- - v-
cp-∂p.- i-_cn-ae- A-S°ap-≈- {]-[m-- Xo¿-Ym-S-
- - - -
- tI-{µ-߃-°-v kp-c£- Iq-Sp-X¬- i-‡am-°n- - -
bn-cp-∂p.-
kw-ÿm--sØ- hn-am--Øm-h-f-߃,- sd-
bn¬-th- tÃ-jp-Iƒ,- _-kÃm≥-Up-Iƒ- Xp-S- - v-
ßn-b- ÿ-eßfn¬- {]-tXy-I- ]-cn-tim-[- -S-
- - -
Øp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- t_mw-_-v kvIzm-U,v - tUm-K-v -
kvIzm-Uv,- sa-‰¬- Un-‰IS¿- Xp-Sßn-b- kw-hn-[m-
- - v- -
-߃- D-]tbm-Kn-®m-W-v ]-cn-tim-[.-
- -
]m-tªm- ]n-°m-tkm- `o-IcXbs°-Xn-tc- h-c® Kq¿-Wn-°- F-∂- Nn-{Xw-
- - - v- -
`o-I-c-X-bv-s°-Xn-tc- {]-Xn-tj-[n-°m≥-
]n-°m-tkm-bp-sS- quot;-Kq¿-Wn-°-'-
temI{- ]-ikX- Nn-{X-Im-cpw- in-e]n-bq-am-b- kvs]-bn≥-Im-cm-b- ]m-
- - -v - -v - - ]n-°m-tkm-bp-sS- Nn-{Xw- h-c-®p-≈- {]-Xn-tj-[-Øn-s‚- N-cn-{Xw- 2009 P-
tªm- ]n-°m-tkm- (1881 H-IvtSm-_¿- 25˛-1973 G-{]n¬- 8)- `o-IcXbvs°-Xn-tc-
- - - - - p-hcn- H-∂n--v B-e∏p-gbn¬- B-h¿-Øn-®p. `o-Ic¿-s°-Xn-sc- n-d߃-sIm-
- - - - -
Kq¿-Wn-°- F-∂- Nn-{Xw- h-c®m-Wv- 1937˛¬- {]-Xn-tj-[n-®Xv.-
- - ≠v- bp-≤w.- - B-e-∏p-g-bn¬- {In-kv-a-kv- Im-e-Øv- H-cm-gv-N- o-≠p- n-∂- 2008
kv]m-n-jv- B-`y-¥c- bp-≤th-fbn¬- t_mw-_n-´Øn-t‚-bpw- a-‰pw- ^-e-
- - - - - _o-®v- Sq-dn-kw- s^-Ãn-h-en-s‚- k-am-]-- Zn-h-k-am-b- A-∂v- 2009 A-Sn- o-f-
am-bn- 1,-600˛-te-sd-t∏-cm-Wv- a-cn-®-Xv.- A-t-Iw- t]¿-°v- ]-cn-t°-‰p.- 1937 G- Øn-ep-≈- Im≥-hm-kn¬- {]-kn-≤- Nn-{X-Im-c∑m-tcm-sSm-∏w- s]m-Xp-Pßfpw-
- - - -
{]n¬- 26˛-m-bn-cp-∂p- t_mw-_n-S¬.- kv]m-n-jv- dn-∏_fn-°≥- k¿-°m-cn-s‚-
- - v- hn-Zym¿-Yn-Ifpw- H-∂p- tN¿-∂-v `o-IcXbs°-Xn-tc- Nn-{Xw- h-c®p.-
- - - - -v -
B-hiy-{]-Im-cam-Wv- bp-≤`o-IcXbpw- Zp-c¥hpw- hy-‡am-°p-∂- ayq-d¬- co-
- - - - - - - - - C-t∏m-gn-Xm- sIm-®n-bn¬- Xo-{h-hm-Z- hn-cp-≤- {]-Nm-cW- ]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifp-sS-
- -
Xn-bn-ep-≈- Nn-{Xw- ]n-°m-tkm- h-c®Xpw- {]-Z¿-in-∏n-®Xpw.- A-ßs- tem-I-
- - - - `m-Kam-bn- quot;-Bkv]n-tc-j≥-kv'- (D¬-°¿-tj-—)- sa-Km- tÃ-Pv- tjm- ]-cn-]m-Sn-
- - - - -
{i-≤- t-Sn.- B-{I-a-Ww- I-gn-™v- 15 Zn-h-k-Øn-p-≈n¬- h-c- Xp-S-ßn.- 349 bpw.- t_m-[hX°cWw- I-ebn-eq-sS- X-s∂.- quot;-ap-°-v H-∂m-b-v A-Wn-tN-cmw..-
- - -v - - - -
sk-‚ n- ao-‰¿- 776 sk-‚ n- ao-‰¿- h-ep-∏ap-≈- Im≥-hm-kn¬- Hm-bn¬- s]-bn-‚ v-
- `o-Iccln-X- C-¥y-b°m-b.v ..- F-∂Xm-W-v ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw.- F-k.v B¿.-sI- {Kq-∏n-
- - - -v - -
D-]tbm-Kn-®m-W-v ªm-°-v B≥-U-v ssh-‰n¬- Nn-{Xo-IcWw- -SØn-bX.v - kvs]-
- - - - - - t‚-bpw- sF-Un-bm-bp-tS-bpw- k-lIcWtØm-sS-bm-Wv- sIm-®n- kn-‰n- t]m-
- - - -
bn-n¬- t_mw-_p-Ifn-Ss∏-´- ÿ-eØn-s‚- t]-cm-W-v Kq¿-Wn-°.- Nn-{X-an-t∏mƒ-
- - - eo-kn-s‚- t_m-[hXIcW˛{]-Nm-cW- ]-cn-]m-Sn.- H-cp- e-£yw,- H-cp- Zu-Xyw,-
- - v- - - - - -
am-{Un-Un-se- sd-b- tkm-^n-b- ayq-kn-bØn-em-Wv- kq-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- bp-
v- - - `o-Iccln-X- `m-cXw- F-∂- e-£y-Øn-te-°-v t]m-eo-kn-tm-sSm-∏w- k-lIcn-
- - - - - -
≤- Zp-c¥hpw- hy-‡n-Iƒ-°p-≠m-Ip-∂- t¢-ihp-am-W-v Nn-{X-Øn--v B-[m-cw.-n-
- - - °m≥- k-t¥m-jap-s≠-∂-v F-k.v B¿.-sI.-{Kq-∏-v kn.-Fw.-Un- sI.-djo-Z-v am-en-
- - -
c-]cm-[n-Ifm-b- kn-hn-en-b≥-am-cm-W-v a-cn-®p-ho-WX.v -
- - - sI.-djo-Z-v am-en-Iv
- Iv.- sse-^sse≥- Cu-h‚ v- ta-t°-gkm-Wv- ]-cn-]m-Sn- kw-LSn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.-
v- - v- - -