TA-8668 SRI: Rapid Assessment of Seawater Desalination and Other Alternative Water Sources for Jaffna Water Supply Water - Globe Consulting Nikolay Voutchkov

1. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/277666334
RO Plant IESL 28-05-2015
DATASET · JUNE 2015
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172
1 AUTHOR:
Saravanamuttu Subramaniam Sivakumar
University of Jaffna
135 PUBLICATIONS 215 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Available from: Saravanamuttu Subramaniam Sivakumar
Retrieved on: 23 December 2015

2. Asian Development Bank
Desalination Overview
and
24 MLD Jaffna SWRO Project
May, 2015
Water Globe
Consulting
Nikolay Voutchkov, PE, BCEE
TA-8668 SRI: Rapid Assessment of Seawater Desalination and
Other Alternative Water Sources for Jaffna Water Supply

3. Desalination – Where Are We Today?
60%
34%
4% 2%
Technology
RO Thermal ED Other
40 Million m³/day
RO Desalination
23 Million m³/day
Thermal Desalination
40 % of All Plants > 50,000 m³/day
65 % Installed Capacity Increase
Expected by 2015
Largest plant in the world is in Melbourne
Australia with capacity of 412,000 m³/day
Maruthankerny plant capacity is 24,000 m³/day
16,000 Desalination Plants Worldwide –
66.4 Million m³/day
Source: IDA Desalination Yearbook
2013-2014

4. Source: WDR,
July 2010
Projected New
Desalination Capacity
in 2014
9.5 MM m³/day
Actual New
Capacity in 2013
8.6 MM m³/day

5. Desalination Trends
The Desalination Market Has Higher Growth Rate
than Any Other Water Market Segment
The 2013 Market Size of US$ 9.8 Billion
Is Projected to Double by 2016

6. Membrane Desalination –
Key Trends
 SWRO Desalination Most Commonly Used;
 Large - (over 60 MLD) and Mega - (over 200 MLD)
Desalination Plants Are the Wave of the Future;
 Most Large Urban Coastal Centers Worldwide Have
Established a Target to Produce 25 % of their Drinking
Water from Desalination;
 Research &Development Activities are in 10-Year High –
Likely to Yield Breakthroughs in Membrane and
Desalination Technologies by 2015;
 Large SWRO Projects Are Aiming at Sustainability – Use
of Alternative Power Supply Sources is On the Rise

7. Desalination Market Drivers
Water Scarcity
Economic Growth
Population Growth

9. Main Desalination Market
Challenges & Industry Response
Challenge Industry Response
Relatively High Fresh Water Production
Costs
Accelerated Development of Higher
Productivity RO Membranes
and Lower Cost Pretreatment Systems
and Plant Components
Investment in Non-RO Technologies
High Energy Use
Advances in Low Energy Desalination
Technologies & RO Energy Recovery
Systems
Environmental Impacts Coupling of Desalination Plants with
Green Power Sources (Wind Power)

10. Comparative Costs of Other Water
Supply Options

11. Water Production Costs
(Medium & Large SWRO Plants)
Classification Cost of
Water Production
(US$/m³)
Low-End Bracket 0.5 – 0.8
Medium Range 1.0 - 1.5
High-End Bracket 2.0 – 4.0
Average 1.0

12. Key Benefits of Desalinated Water
 Drought-proof Water Supply
 Human Health Benefits – Less Saline and Less Hard
Water:
 Kidney Failure and Goal Bladder Stone Problems Resolved
 Removal of oil , bacteria, viruses and other contaminants
 Better Taste
 Relief and on Over-pumped Aquifers
 More water for agriculture
 Reduction of aquifer salinity over time
 Recovery of aquifer levels and increase of the yield of household wells
 High Quality Water Attractive to High-tech Industry –
Semiconductors, Food, Pharmaceutical and Turism

13. Jaffna Desalination Project
Current Status
 Six Alternative Sites in Jaffna Identified
and Visited in September 2014
 Two Sites Selected After Preliminary
Screening:
 Martuthankerni/Pallai
 Kankesanthurai/Keerimalai
 Initial Feasibility Evaluation Completed in
December 2014 - Martuthankerni/Pallai
Site Selected as Preferred

14. Initially Investigated Plant Sites

15. Selecting the Plant Site
Key Factors
Impacting
Selection
Concentrate
Disposal
(Location,
Environmental Impact
& Costs)
Type and Location of
Key Water Users &
Power Supply Source
(Distance & Cost to
Connect)
Site Conditions
(Geotechnical, Climate,
Soil Contamination,
Endangered Species,
Cost of Land)
Socio-economic
factors
Source Water Quality
(Intake Location,
Environmental Impact
& Costs)

16. Selected Desalination Plant Sites

17. Martuthankerni/Pallai Site

18. Low Cost Desalination Plant
Configuration

19. Alternative Low Cost Configuration

20. Initial Plant Layout

21. General Plant Layout

22. Plant Side View

23. Plant Street View

24. UF Membrane Pretreatment
System

25. SWRO System

26. Intake – General Schematic
1000m
10m
5-6m

27. Intake and Outfall Configurations
- 10 m
- 5 m

28. Offshore Tower Intake Configuration
800 to 1000 m from shore
4 - 5 m
10 m
2 m
10 – 12 m

29. Wedgewire Screen Intake

30. Intake Pipe Laid on the Bottom

31. Intake Pipe with Tower - Buried
1000 m
500 m

32. Concentrate Disposal
Outfall with Diffusers Designed
to Reduce Salinity Down to 35 g/l
of Ambient Levels within 50 m of the Discharge
Salinity
Ocean 35 g/l
Intake 28 g/l
Discharge 50 g/l
Inner lagoon 90 g/l

33. Summary of Plant Energy Use and Costs
Parameter Martuthankerni/Pallai Kankesanthurai/
Keermalai
Average Energy Use, kWh/m³
RO System
Total Plant (w/o Delivery)
2.27
3.20
2.27
3.33
Total Plant Power Demand, MW 3.84(avg.)/4.80
(max)
4.00 (avg.)/4.97 (max)
Capital Costs, in million US$ 46.3 48.1
Annual O&M Costs,
in million US$/year
3.76 3.85
Annualized Capital Costs, US$/m³
(20 years loan @ 6 %)
0.46 0.48
Annual O&M Costs, US$/m³ 0.43 0.44
Total Cost of Water Production,
US$/m³
0.89 0.92

34. Jaffna Desalination Plant –
Capital Cost Breakdown
Intake – 12%
of CC
Post-treatment –
3% of CC
RO System –
36% of CC
Pretreatment –
13% of CC
Total Capital Cost
US$46.3 – 48.1 MM
Construction Cost (CC)
US$34.6 – 36.0 MM
Storage Tank –
5% of CC
Discharge Outfall –
8% of CC
Other Costs
– 35% of CC

35. Energy Use of the Jaffna SWRO Plant
Intake – 10%
(0.3 kWh/m³)
Product Water Delivery
2%
RO System –
74%
Pretreatment –
6%
(0.15 kWh/m³)
(2.4 kWh/m³)
(0.1 kWh/m³)
Other Facilities
8%
(0.25 kWh/m³)
Total Energy Use
3.20-3.33 kWh/m³
For TDS = 32 ppt
&
Temp. = 29°C

36. Jaffna SWRO Project
O&M Cost Breakdown
O&M Cost
US$0.43 – 0.44/m³

37. Concluding Remarks
 Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination is Proven
Technology with Over 20 Years of Worldwide Experience
 Jaffna Desalination Project is Feasible
 O&M Costs for the Fresh Water Production –
US$0.43-0.44/m³
 Project Capital Cost – US$46 to 48 million
 Project Construction Period – 24 months

38. Key Benefits of Desalinated Water
 Drought-proof Water Supply
 Human Health Benefits – Less Saline and Less Hard
Water:
 Kidney Failure and Goal Bladder Stone Problems Resolved
 Removal of oil , bacteria, viruses and other contaminants
 Better Taste
 Relief and on Over-pumped Aquifers
 More water for agriculture
 Reduction of aquifer salinity over time
 Recovery of aquifer levels and increase of the yield of household wells
 High Quality Water Attractive to High-tech Industry –
Semiconductors, Food, Pharmaceutical and Tourism

39. Benefits to Maruthankerny area
 The high content of nutrients in the discharge
will attract more fish.
 New infrastructure developments (Roads,
power supply etc)
 Employment opportunities for local people.
 Area will attract high tech industries.
 High quality water supply for future
generations.

40. Next steps
 Establishment of Grievance Redress Mechanism
 Marine biological survey
 Contour survey of the bottom of the ocean
 Modeling of salinity dispersion and sediment
transport
 Source water quality collection
 Meetings with public and stakeholders
 Project review by local and central environmental
authorities (CCD, CEA, NARA & MEPA) and ADB
 Finalize the design of the intake and outfall
 Monitoring – before, during (24 months) and after
construction and during operation

41. Nikolay Voutchkov
Questions ?
Nikolay Voutchkov, PE, BCEE
Water Globe Consulting
nvoutchkov@water-g.com