Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis Dr Kamran Afzal Asst Prof Microbiology

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Epidemiology

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transmission

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LTBI vs. TB Disease Often infectious before treatment Not infectious Symptoms such as cough, fever, weight, loss No symptoms A case of TB Not a case of TB Sputum smears and cultures positive Sputum smears and cultures negative Chest X-ray usually abnormal Chest X-ray usually normal TST or QFT-Gold result usually positive Tubercle bacilli in the body TB Disease LTBI

Primary Tuberculosis (Childhood type) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Secondary Tuberculosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Basic facts - Pulmonary TB

Clinical Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Treatment (Anti–TB Drugs)

Standard Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Directly Observed Therapy (DOT), DOTS or DOTS Plus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Drug Resistance in TB

Drug Resistance in TB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Several Drugs have become Resistant

Several reasons identified for resistance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alarming Rise of Resistant TB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pathogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage I (Stage of onset) Stage V (Liquefaction) Stage IV (Tubercle Fmn) Stage III (CMI) Stage II (Symbiosis)

Types of lesions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Diagnostic Workup for TB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lab diagnosis - Direct Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Direct Microscopy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sample Collection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Microscopy - Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Specimen Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cultural characters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Colony Characteristics “ Rough, tough and buff” colonies of M. tuberculosis

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Identification of M. tuberculosis

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Molecular Techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

4. Antigen Detection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. Detection Of Lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lab Diagnosis - Indirect Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Tuberculin Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Interpreting Skin Test Reactions

Factors Causing False Negative Tuberculin Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Factors Causing False Positive Tuberculin Test ,[object Object],[object Object]

2. TB Serology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Mycobacteriophage Assays ,[object Object],[object Object],Electron micrograph of a mycobacteriophage

5. Histopathology The Epithelioid Granuloma

6. Haematological Findings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radiological Diagnosis Multi nodular infiltrate above or behind the clavicle with or without pleural effusion unilaterally or bilaterally

Prevention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tuberculosis

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