region

1. Interdependent of
places and regions
–diversity, variety,
uniqueness
Influence and
coverage of location
Location as social
interaction platform

2. Interdependent of places
and regions –diversity,
variety, uniqueness

3. World regions – describe the
uniqueness of the regions

4. Geography Matters
Geography matters because it is
specific places that provide the settings
for people’s daily lives.
Places and regions are highly
interdependent, each playing
specialized roles in complex networks
of interaction and change.
Interdependence between geographic
scales are provided by the relationships
between the global and the local.
Human geography provides ways of
understanding places, regions, and
spatial relationships.
“Everything is related to everything
else, but near things are more related
than are distant things.”
Connectivity and interaction are
dependent on channels of
communications and transportation.

5. Why Places Matter: Geographic Literacy
The importance of geography (i.e., spatial science) is becoming more widely
recognized. Many more schools now require courses in geography than just a decade
ago. Employers are coming to realize the value of employees with expertise in
geographical analysis.

6. Regions activity
Regions activity 2

7. The Influence and Meaning of
Places (location)
• Places are settings for social
interaction that, among other things,
– structure the daily routines of
people’s economic and social
lives;
– provide both opportunities and
constraints in terms of people’s
long-term social well-being;
– provide a context in which
everyday, common sense
knowledge and experience are
gathered;
– provide a setting for processes
of socialization; and
– provide an arena for contesting
social norms.
ACTIVITY 2 REGION

8. Spatial Levels
• Levels or scales of spatial
organization represent a
tangible partitioning of space.
– World regions
• Asia, Europe, or Latin America
– Supranational organizations
• NAFTA, European Union,
ASEAN, World Trade
Organization
– De Jure States
• Legally recognized political
entities
– Body and Self
• Physical appearance and socially
acceptable norms

9. Interdependence in a Globalizing World
• Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of different
parts of the world through common processes of economic,
environmental, political, and cultural change.
• The Hyperglobalist View
– Open markets, free trade, and investment across the global markets
allow more people to share in the prosperity of the world economy.
• The Skeptical View
– Contemporary economic integration is much less significant than it
was when the world was on the gold standard in the nineteenth
century.
• The Transformationalist View
– Globalization is a long-term historical process that is underlain by
crises and contradictions that are likely to shape it in all sorts of
unpredictable ways.

10. The Human “Footprint”
Notice that the “footprint” is largely absent in places that are
too wet, dry, cold, or hot for wide spread human habitation
(e.g., Antarctica, Sahara Desert, Amazonia, Siberia).

11. Window on the World
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Zug, Switzerland
The Sormolo Family of Ethiopia and the Rust Family of Switzerland live “worlds
apart.” One family ekes out a living on $280 a year, while the other thrives on
$68,000. What geographical factors played a role in this disparity?

12. Key Issues in a Globalizing World: Sustainability
Sustainability is about the interdependence of the economy, the
environment, and social well-being. It is defined as “development that
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”

13. Diffusion of HIV
Where does the medical and geographical evidence point as the origin of
the HIV/AIDS pandemic?

14. The Geography of HIV/AIDS
What historical, geographical, and social factors contribute to
Sub-Saharan Africa being so stricken with HIV/AIDS?

15. Key Issues in a Globalizing World: Security
Floral tributes lie outside Edgware Road underground station in London,
England, after al-Qaeda bombers killed 49 people and injured 700 during
morning rush hour terrorist attacks that were targeted at London’s transport links
on July 7, 2005.

16. Geography in a Globalizing World
• Will globalization render geography obsolete?
– Yes? (Why?)
– No? (Why?)
• The new mobility of money, labor, products, and ideas
actually increases the significance of place:
– The more universal the diffusion of material culture and lifestyles,
the more valuable regional and ethnic identities become.
– The faster the information highway takes people into cyberspace,
the more they feel the need for a subjective setting—a specific
place or community—they can call their own.
– The greater the reach of transnational corporations, the more easily
they are able to respond to place-to-place variations.
– The greater the integration of transnational governments and
institutions, the more sensitive people have become to local
cleavages of race, ethnicity, and religion.

17. Remotely Sensed Data: Aerial Photographs
Remotely sensed images can provide new ways of seeing the world, as well as
unique sources of data on all sorts of environmental conditions. Such images
can help explain problems and processes that would otherwise require
expensive surveys and detailed cartography.

18. Spatial Analysis
Like distance, space can be measured in absolute, relative, and cognitive
terms. Topological space are the connections between, or connectivity of,
particular points in space.

19. Regionalization
• The geographer’s equivalent of
scientific classification is
regionalization, with the
individual places or areal units
being the objects of classification.
– Logical division—
“classification from above”
– Grouping—“classification from
below”
– Formal regions
– Functional regions
• Donald Meinig’s core-domain-
sphere model of the Mormon
region
– Regionalism
– Sectionalism
– Irridentism

20. Ordinary Landscapes: Community Art
Community art can provide an important element in the creation of a sense of
place for members of local communities. It displays an “ordinary landscape”
(or vernacular landscape) in the Mission district in San Francisco.

21. Symbolic Landscapes: Tuscany
Symbolic landscapes represent particular values or aspirations that the builders
and financiers of those landscapes want to impart to the larger public, like the
neoclassical architecture of the federal government buildings in Washington,
D.C., or the Risorgimento of the classical Tuscan landscape.

22. The Power of Place
Ireland England
The West of Ireland came to symbolize the whole of Ireland to Irish
nationalists in the early twentieth century, as opposed to the more bucolic
rural landscape ideal of England (its former colonial master).

23. Regional Analysis: A Sense of Place
Intersubjectivity, or the shared meanings that are derived from the lived
experience of everyday practice, is how people become familiar with one
another’s vocabulary, speech patterns, dress codes, gestures, and humor.
Routine encounters in Waldkirch, Germany develop the sense of place.

24. Developing a Geographical
Imagination
It is useful to think of places and
regions as representing the
cumulative legacy of successive
periods of change.
This photograph of Milan, Italy,
is a very striking example, with
modern urban development
interlayered with surviving
fragments of Medieval,
Renaissance, and nineteenth-
century development.

25. Recognizing the
General and the Unique
Some places, like Hersbruck,
Germany, become distinctive
because they were almost
entirely bypassed by a period
of change. Notice the narrow
street and old world
architecture.
Changes could have come to
other towns and cities in the
form of the Industrial
Revolution or the construction
of a new highway or railroad.
Thus, the interconnectedness
of urban systems is key to
integration.

26. The Global Perspective
• Each place, each region, is largely
the product of forces that are both
local and global in origin.
• Each is ultimately linked to many
other places and regions through
these same forces.
• The individual character of places
and regions cannot be accounted
for by general processes alone.
Some local outcomes are the
product of unusual circumstances
or special local factors.

27. End of Chapter 1

28. © 2013 Pearson Education,
Inc.
Figure 1.21 The Mormon cultural
region in the Great Basin Region of the
U.S.
Regional Analysis
• Regionalization
– Functional regions
– Regionalism
– Sectionalism
– Irredentism
• Regions
Areas with major
defining characteristics:
The Mormon Cultural
Region – SW U.S.

29. © 2013 Pearson Education,
Inc.
Figure 1.22 Landscapes can be symbolic
of national identity as this landscape in
Tuscany has for Italy
Figure 1.24 Picturesque landscape in
England emblematic of the nation even
though much change has occurred
Regional Analysis, (cont’d)
• Landscape
– Ordinary and Symbolic
– Many layers of meaning

30. © 2013 Pearson Education,
Inc.
Figure 1.25 Routine encounters in
Italy help develop a sense of
community
Figure 1.26 Community art helps create a
sense of place in San Francisco
Regional Analysis, (cont’d)
• Sense of Place
– Insiders and life world
– Inter-subjectivity
Inter-subjectivity – the sense that we know what we know, our daily
interactions with each other at home, school, work, and places.

31. © 2013 Pearson Education,
Inc.
Figure 1.27 This German town was
once a prosperous regional center, but
now is isolated and economically
disadvantaged
Geographical Imagination
• Allows us to understand geographic change
• Places and regions represent the cumulative legacy
of successive periods of change
– General effects and unique outcomes

32. © 2013 Pearson Education,
Inc.
Figure 1.E “SoFi” was redeveloped with
exclusive, resortlike condominium
towers and became a playground for
the young and affluent.
Figure 1.D South Beach, Miami
embodies the layered legacy of
successive waves of development and
change. Art Deco architecture reflects
the past.
Geographical Imagination, (cont’d)

33. Location as social interaction platform
Why??
How??

34. Why?? How??
• As a stater of the conversation?
- where are you from?
- Where do you live?
- How to go to your house?
• What is the most delicious food in your
area?
• The uniqueness of the place?
• Culture and physical attribute?
• The sense of place
• the power of the place

35. Location
Human Geography
• Latitude/Longitude
• Site/Situation
• Distance
• Cognitive
• Friction
• Distance-decay function
• Spatial Interaction
• Spatial organization of human
activities across Earth
• The setting of place
• Cultural meaning
• Ordinary of the place
• Human – nature interaction
• Human –nature interaction impact
• Population
• Migration etc.
A starter interaction
Where
What
When
Why
How
[based on location]
[describe by the location/
place
- Different location, diff
people, culture, food,
(based on relative
location)

36. Places are settings for social
interaction that, among other things,
• structure the daily routines of
people’s economic and social
lives;
• provide both opportunities and
constraints in terms of people’s
long-term social well-being;
• provide a context in which
everyday, common sense
knowledge and experience are
gathered;
• provide a setting for processes
of socialization; and
• provide an arena for contesting
social norms.
Geographical
literacy

37. Places hold Cultural Meaning
• Emotional and cultural symbols
– Ex: Graceland (Memphis, TN) – home of Elvis Presley
• Ordinary places with special meaning
– Childhood neighborhood imbued with cognitive maps &
memories
• Sites of innovation, change, conflict, social &
political upheaval
• “Arab Spring” in
• Morocco &
• Egypt
Figure 1.4 Anti-government demonstrators flood Tahir Square, Cairo,
Egypt on February 11, 2011

38. Figure 1.1 Destruction caused in
Japan by the March 2011 tsunami
Figure 1.2 Quality of life is impacted
by proximity of oil refineries in
Wilmington, California, Los Angeles
County
Place – the cultural & physical attributes of an area.
How People Interpret & shape the Physical Environment
• Geographic Literacy
– Lack of geographic understanding and knowledge among Americans,
do you find this to be true?
– Places are dynamic and complex impacted by ever-changing
environmental & human interactions. Natural Hazards & Manmade
hazards: How does Japan prepare for the inevitability of Tsunami?
Why is this residential neighborhood so close to a refinery?