Go to http://www.screenr.com/zGw for life cycle slide.

2. Possible 3 species are known

3. Discovered recently in 1995 by Danish scientists Reinhardt Kristensen and Peter Funch

5. General Body Form Mircovillous cellular epidermis Well defined cuticle Secreted by epidermis Individual muscles, not sheaths Brain Location unknown Nervous system not well understood

6. Found living commensally on the setae of the mouth parts of lobsters. Found on maxillae and maxillipeds Mouthparts can have thousands of individuals Filter feed on the leftovers of host. Symbionpandorafound on Norway lobster (Nephropsnorvegicus) Symbionamericanusfound on the American lobster (Homarus americanus) -Commercially important species of lobster Not presently described species found on the European lobster (Homarusgammarus)

7. European Lobster

8. Multiple Life Stages Feeding Sessile Stage Asexual or sexual Multiple Motile Larval stages Pandora larva Chordoidlarva Prometheus larva

11. Asexual Inner Budding Loses buccal funnel and digestive tract New bud arises from embryonic cells producing only a new buccal funnel and digestive tract Process repeated multiple times

12. Asexual Reproduction Pandora larva is formed much the same way as asexual inner budding Free-swimming larva settle close to parent individual to form new feeding stage. Allows for quick replication over mouthparts

14. Sexual Reproduction Primary male (Prometheus larva) or female housed inside the body of the feeding stage. Primary male hatches and settles on a feeding stage. Primary male lacks penis or testis therefore forms secondary male itself with penis and spermatozoa.

15. Sexual Reproduction Secondary male swims to another feeding stage with female. Fertilization occurs inside female with oocyte. Female releases from feeding stage and settles close by.

16. Sexual Reproduction Chordoidlarva forms inside settled female. Chordoid larva has stacked muscle cells Larva ingests entire female and hatches Good swimmer Represents dispersal stage Larva settles on new host and forms a new feeding stage.

18. Bibliography Funch, Peter and R. Kristensen. Symbionpandora. 1995. Photograph. Web. 01 May 2011. http://128.128.175.117/pages/1922 Funch, P., and Kristensen, R. M. 1995. Cycliophora is a new phlum with affinities to Entoprocta and Ectoprocta. Nature 378: 711-714. Hansen, Asbjørn. European Lobster. 2005. Photograph. Web. 01 May 2011. http://www.flickr.com/photos/xoto/57297523/ Reinhardt MøbjergKristensen. 2002 . An Introduction to Loricifera, Cycliophora, and MicrognathozoaIntegr. Comp. Biol. 42(3): 641-651 doi:10.1093/icb/42.3.641 Ruppert, Edward E., and Robert D. Barnes. Invertebrate Zoology. 7th ed. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2003. 812-15. Print.

19. Thank You!!!