Synaptica Proquest Talk Taxonomy Boot Camp 2009
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Power Point presentation given by Dave Clarke, CEO, Synaptica, LLC and Paula McCoy of Proquest at Taxonomy Boot Camp 2009 in San Jose, California.
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TBC; Taxonomies: Tools or People? By Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy Copyright © Synaptica, LLC, 2009 www.synapticasoftware.com 12/09/09 Slide HUMAN VS. MACHINE & THE HUMAN OPTION](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Synaptica Proquest Talk Taxonomy Boot Camp 2009
- 1. Taxonomies: Tools or People? TBC; Taxonomies: Tools or People? By Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy Copyright © Synaptica, LLC, 2009 www.synapticasoftware.com 12/09/09 Slide When would one favor human indexing over machine indexing? An example of the human indexing effort is presented along with tools that can help with the process. An example of autocategorization is illustrated with a discussion of the reciprocal flow of information between the taxonomy management tool and the autocategorization tool. Speakers then discuss how structured vocabularies help refine categorizers and how feedback from the categorizer tool to the human editorial team contributes to the continual improvement of the vocabularies. by Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy
- 3. Humans will invent almost anything to save time TBC; Taxonomies: Tools or People? By Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy Copyright © Synaptica, LLC, 2009 www.synapticasoftware.com 12/09/09 Slide
- 4. Human or machine indexing – depends on the data and the user subtle & abstract concepts non-textual, e.g. images, sounds highly structured very high volume homogeneous topics mission-critical precision & recall noisy or incomplete results tolerable very quick turnaround TBC; Taxonomies: Tools or People? By Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy Copyright © Synaptica, LLC, 2009 www.synapticasoftware.com 12/09/09 Slide Humans Machines Size Time-sensitivity Generalist users Machine-readability Conceptual-abstraction Expert users Data-structure Homogeneity
- 5. Human indexing – the process TBC; Taxonomies: Tools or People? By Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy Copyright © Synaptica, LLC, 2009 www.synapticasoftware.com 12/09/09 Slide Data Set 1. Review the content 2. Consult the vocabularies 3. Either tag the content item or build an index table Controlled Vocabularies Index Table
- 9. Human indexing – IMS Workflow Detail TBC; Taxonomies: Tools or People? By Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy Copyright © Synaptica, LLC, 2009 www.synapticasoftware.com 12/09/09 Slide
- 10. Human indexing – profile set up screen shot TBC; Taxonomies: Tools or People? By Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy Copyright © Synaptica, LLC, 2009 www.synapticasoftware.com 12/09/09 Slide
- 23. TBC; Taxonomies: Tools or People? By Dave Clarke & Paula McCoy Copyright © Synaptica, LLC, 2009 www.synapticasoftware.com 12/09/09 Slide [email_address] [email_address] Questions?
Hinweis der Redaktion
- People will go to extraordinary lengths to invent tools to save time. All of us would like to be in a place where machines can take over information indexing for us. But when is this possible, and when should it be avoided.
- People will go to extraordinary lengths to invent tools to save time. All of us would like to be in a place where machines can take over information indexing for us. But when is this possible, and when should it be avoided.
- People will go to extraordinary lengths to invent tools to save time. All of us would like to be in a place where machines can take over information indexing for us. But when is this possible, and when should it be avoided.
- This chart attempts to examine the question of when is it appropriate to let machines or people perform indexing. It is not an exact science, so individual circumstances require an evaluation of all these factors, plus business factors such as ease of access to human indexers and to IT resources and funds. Broadly speaking, however, certain factors steer one in the direction of certain solutions. Factors that lean toward machine indexing: If the size of a data set is so large that it would be impossible to process it by humans then machine indexing may be the only solution, regardless of any qualitative factors. If the data set is fast moving and access to it is time-sensitive, then machine indexing can also be the preferred solution. Although small sets of fast moving data may be processed by humans. If the users are generalists or in pursuit of information for recreational purposes then they are likely to be more tolerant of noisy or incomplete results. Factors that lean toward human indexing: If the data is not at all machine-readable then human indexing may be the only solution. For example, photographs and video without any metadata or embedded speech may require human review. If the data contains subtle or abstract concepts then these may elude even the most finely tuned machines. For example, the ideas behind in the To be or not to be soliloquy in Hamlet are too subtle to be identified from textual analysis alone. If the users are experts for whom data is a mission-critical resource then they may require exceedingly high precision and recall which would demand either human indexing or an extremely high degree of human training and QC of the machine process. Factors that benefit either indexing method: If data is well structured within identifiable fields or metadata attributes then this structure provides context that will greatly assist machine indexing, but also help with human indexing. If data is on a homogeneous topic, such as a database of articles all about nuclear physics, will be easier to index than a database covering all disciplines and topics.
- The human indexing process essentially involves three simple steps: Review the content one article / record at a time Search the controlled vocabularies to find the terms that best describe the content Either tag the content directly by adding the terms as metadata values within the CMS, or assign the indexing terms to the content item by using a separate index table / interface
- Most of our user-base create their taxonomies in Synaptica and then integrate them with third-party automatic indexing tools. Others have determined that they need to perform human indexing and over the years they have developed a wish list of time-saving tools. (see bullets for wish list)
- Most of our user-base create their taxonomies in Synaptica and then integrate them with third-party automatic indexing tools. Others have determined that they need to perform human indexing and over the years they have developed a wish list of time-saving tools. (see bullets for wish list)
- Ten years ago the Synaptica software team productized this wish list and bundled all these features into a Synaptica package called IMS. IMS – the Indexing Management System – acts as an integration toolset between the taxonomy management system and content management system. It provides ready-made GUI screens, and also a suite of web services components that allow indexing functionality to be custom crafted into the CMS screenflow.
- This slide illustrates the workflow for IMS as a component that sits between a CMS system and a taxonomy management system to assist the human indexing process.
- This screen shot illustrates how indexing profiles can be created to streamline the indexing operation for particular sets of content. Many parameters can be configured such as user-access permissions, term expansion, access to particular vocabularies and facets, even the selection of individual sub-branches within a hierarchy.
- We are actively working with a number of clients who are performing human indexing for selected data sets. Following are three “hypothetical” but realistic examples.
- Conclusions: (see bullets for conclusions)
- Questions?