Children's Literature- some of the slides were copied.

2. Holly Black
• have written their own versions of
fairy tales, often for a young adult
audience.

3. Reutilized fairy tale
• is “one which retains its basic
components according to the Aarne-
Thompson classification, but revises
the action to suit it to another
audience.

4. Grimm Brothers
• One of the most well known
recordings of tales.
• Referred tales as Children’s and
Household Tales, not fairy tales.

5. Joseph Campbell
• has an analysis system for hero tales,
which can be applied to both folk
and fairy tales

6. Folklorists
• have often classified fairy tales
according to the plot elements they
contain. These elements are often
called themes or motifs”.

7. In feminist fairy tales, “not only do the
authors challenge conventional views of
gender, socialization, and sex roles, but
they also map out an alternative
aesthetic terrain for the fairy tale genre
to open up new horizons for readers
and writers alike” (Zipes, Don’t Bet on
the Prince xi).

8. Name Date Region Author
Abdullah the
Fisherman and
Abdullah the
Merman
Before 850 Persian/Arabic
The Adventures of
Pinocchio
1883 Italian Carlo Collodi
Alice's Adventures
in Wonderland
1865 English Lewis Carroll
Alphege, or the
Green Monkey
Persian Naqib al-Malik
The Angel 1843 Danish
Hans Christian
Andersen
Asmund and Signy Icelandic
Aurore and Aimée 1756 French
Jeanne-Marie
Leprince de
Beaumont

11. Folklore & folktales
• A traditional story of a
culture, locale
• Not related to history,
but known common or
“local” knowledge
• Any belief or story that
is passed down through
oral tradition

12. Folklore and Folktales
Folklore
was invented by an English Scholar named
William John Thomas.
It is a science that embraces observances and
customs, notions, beliefs, traditions,
superstitions and prejudices of the common
people.

13. Importance of Folklore
It is important in explaining social history of man kind.
It is helpful in the study of comparative mythology and
science of religion.
It helps us to understanding the relationship between
races and on the development of religion, beliefs and
ceremonies.
A great assistance to the ethnologists, sociologist,
historians and students of comparative mythology and
science of religion.

14. Kinds of FolkloreKinds of Folklore
1) Traditional literature in narrative form:
a) folktales
b) Hero tales
c) Ballads and song
d) Legends of places
2) Traditional customs
a) Local customs
b) Astrology
c) Festivals customs
d) Games
3) Superstitious and beliefs
a) witchcraft
b) Astrology
c) Superstitious practices
d) Superstitious beliefs and
fancies

15. 4) Folk speech
a) Popular sayings
b) Popular nomenclature
c) Proverbs
d) Jingles, Rhymes, Riddles
Earliest form of literature is called Folk Literature
There are certain qualities common to all folk literature:
Concerned more
with action rather
than reflection;
Concerned with
physical heroism
Concerned with
mysterious and
powerful
influences

16. Story for Children:
FOLKTALES
Folktales
Refers to a traditional narrative of
unknown authorship that has been
handed down from generation to
generation.
This olds stories are often called
Fairy tales that deals with a
character that are mysterious
and powerful in influences.

17. Origin of Folktales:
There are two theories concerning and
transmission of folktales:
1) That all folktales originated in India in
the Sacred Book of Buddhism and were
transmitted by migrations of peoples,
by crusaders and Hebrew gypsies.
2) That many of the tales arose
independently among people widely
separated geographically and
historically.

18. History of Folktales
Folktales begins at the point at which a
storyteller, folklorist or anthropologist set it
down in writing.
In 1697 a collection of tales was produced named
Comtes de Ma Mere L’Oye or Tales of My Mother
Goose appeared bearing the name of a Frenchman,
Charles Perrault.
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
The German brother who made the
real collection of tales.

19. They gathered the tales they heard from old folks
throughout their travels in Germany and published
them later between 1812 to 1815.
Grimm’s Fairy Tales
Is the first translation of Grimm’s
Hausmarchen that was made by Edward
Taylor.
Peter Absjornsen and Jorge Moe
Gathered also a tales throughout their travel in
Norway like was has done by the Grimm’s
Brother and published their first collection of
Norwegian tales in 1842-1843.

20. James Orchard Halliwell
Was responsible enough in appearing a
systematic folktales in England in 1849. He
called his work as Nursery Rhymes and
Nursery Tales.
The Three Bears
The best known nursery tales by
Robert Southey in 1774-1843.
Primary Characteristics of Folktales
1) Has no known individual author.
2) Has no fixed or original form.
3) Has a brief introduction.

21. 4) Adapted to any age
5) Has simple plot that is easy to
remember.
6) Characters appeal to both children
and adults.
7) Has element of magic that
appeals to children.

22. Types of Folktales
1) Accumulative Tale.
2) Talking Beast Stories
4) Myths
3) Droll or Humorous Stories
5) Epics and Hero Tales
6) Legends
7) Fables
8) Fairy Tales
9) Religious Tales
10) Roman Tales
11) Realistic Stories
Desirable Uses of
Folktales
1) For entertainment
2) For illustration
3) For Puppets
4) For storytelling

24. MYTH
• A traditional story
concerning a hero or
event, gods,
goddesses, or
creatures
• Explains some practice,
rite, or phenomenon of
nature
• With or without a basis
of fact or natural
explanation

25. Myths
Mythology
Is a body of myths describing the gods of the people,
demigods and legendary human beings in stories
which involves supernatural elements.
Myths
Have more specialized meaning and refers to the
stories in which gods, goddesses and other pagan
divinities plays apart.
It is also a story that explains primitive man’s idea of the
origin of the universe, the mysteries of natural
phenomena.

26. Explain matters in the science of a pre-specific age and will stay
longer as long as the divinity of it’s actors is recognized.
Sources of Mythology:
Greek and Roman Mythology
The Roman had no system of mythology of their own . They
adopted the mythology of the Greeks , but changed the
name of the gods.
The Roman and Greeks had not the same gods, but the
same demigods.

27. Greeks
Zeus Ruler of the heavens and
earth
Hera Queen of the heaven
Poseidon God of the Sea
Aphrodite Goddess of love and beauty
Athena Goddess of wisdom
Apollo God of the Sun
Artemis Goddess of moon and of
the chase

28. Ares
Hermes
Heracles
God of war
Messenger of
Zeus and of Gods
Strong man

29. Values of Myths
1) There is a dramatic quality about myths that captures the imagination
of the poets and children.
2) Many English poems are filled with classical allusions from myths.
3) Subjects of sculpture and graphic arts are taken from the Greek and
Roman myths.
4) The furnish background epics of all countries
5) They serve to explain the origin and meaning of many words in
everyday use.