2. “Privileged youth”: Well-educated and well-to-do, but what of well-being?

3. Study 1: Suburban vs. Inner-city teens (mid 1990’s)

4. Proportion of youth above clinical cutoffs _____________________________________________ GIRLS BOYS Norm Suburb Norm Suburb Depression 7% 22% 7% 5% Anxiety 17% 22% 17% 26% _________________________________________________ Substance use Alcohol 61% 72% 61% 63% Illicit drugs 38% 46% 38% 59% ____________________________________________

10. Family dimensions: NESSY vs inner-city 6 th graders on seven dimensions Comparable mean values on Mom closeness Dad closeness Dinner with parents Emphasis on integrity (vs own success) Suburban youth fared better on After school supervision Perceived criticism Suburban youth fared more poorly on: Parent expectations Material wealth does not imply “superior” family functioning

11. Containment Parents differ in how seriously they react when they discover types of rule-breaking behaviors among their teenage children. Reactions can range from simply talking about the incident or giving warnings for the future, to revoking privileges that are very important to the person. For each of the following items, please indicate how serious the consequences from your parents would be, if they found out you’d done the behavior in question. Substance use Delinquent behavior Rudeness / unkindness Academic indolence

12. Luthar & Goldstein (2008), Development & Psychopathology

13. Psychologists & pediatricians warn that youth in affluent communities are highly stressed due to over-scheduling, with far too many after-school activities.

14. Hours spent in extra curricular activities Suburban youth higher on Sports activities Academic activities Arts activities Suburban youth lower on Civic activities (e.g., volunteering, church, temple)

15. Sports hours Arts hours Academic hours Civic hours Parent criticism After school supervision Parent expectations Mom achievement emphasis Dad achievement emphasis Dinner with parents PREDICTORS OF PERSONAL AND ACADEMIC ADJUSTMENT: Activity / family indices * * Luthar, Shoum, & Brown (2006). Developmental Psychology. Girls & boys Boys

17. Norms: 7%

18. Private High School Juniors/ seniors alcohol use compared to norms

20. West Coast High School Juniors/seniors with symptoms “Much Above Average” (T > 65) Norms: 7%

21. Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI)* Two cohorts: Cross sectional: 1,036 9-12 graders (West Coast) Longitudinal: 245 students followed annually, grades 6-12 (East Coast) * Yates, Tracy, & Luthar (2008). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

29. “… urged us to be, simultaneously, independent, achievement-oriented, successful, the equal to any man and yet appealing to men, selfless, accommodating, nurturing, the connective tissue that holds all families together, and of course, slim and beautiful. We really were supposed to become some hybrid between Mother Teresa, Donna Shalala, Martha Stewart, and Cindy Crawford”. Douglas & Michaels, The Mommy Myth, p 325 .

30. … there is something about motherhood that provokes a psychological crisis in privileged women's lives. They suffer from …a "choking cocktail of guilt and anxiety and resentment and regret." They lose their sense of self. They worry about whether their children will turn out okay. And they begin to feel estranged from their husbands who have stimulating professional work.. …. For the author and others, motherhood does not bring the expected joy and fulfillment. On the contrary, it is the source of painful conflict, self-doubt, and existential angst. Review of Warner, Motherhood in the Age of Anxiety, 2005

34. Drug Dependence - MCMI Ph.D. / MA mothers College degree mothers Alcohol Dependence – MCMI Anxiety BSI Depression- BSI Somatization- BSI Personal authenticity Mother Incompetence/guilt

35. Drug Dependence - MCMI Ph.D. / MA mothers College degree mothers Alcohol Dependence – MCMI .38*** . 09 Anxiety BSI .33*** .22** Depression- BSI .42*** .12 Somatization- BSI .38*** .10 Personal authenticity -.31*** -.26** Mother Incompetence/guilt .23** .16

39. For mothers: As individuals... and not just "moms" This national online survey explores the inner lives of mothers. In developmental research, women are typically considered in terms of their behaviors as mothers - rarely in terms of their own personhood. This survey will explore how you feel about your different roles not only as a mother, but also as a spouse, as a friend, as an individual with various hopes and fears -- and how you cope with the challenge of balancing multiple roles. Many of the survey questions will inquire about your relationship with your child. If you currently have more than one child in middle or high school, please consider the oldest of these children for this survey. Your responses will be entirely anonymous . Our interest, in this project, is solely in aggregate or average trends; no one (not even I) will be able to identify any individual mother in terms of her survey responses. If you would like a copy of the summary results on completion of this survey, please provide your email address. From one mother to another - many thanks and best regards. Suniya S. Luthar, Ph.D. Professor of Clinical and Developmental Psychology Teachers College, Columbia University http:// www.MomsasPeople.com momsaspeople