1. Gene discovered that activates stem cells
for organ regeneration in Planarians AND
Potential new target for antibiotics against
E. coli, other bugs
Biology Folding
Professor: Lina Martínez
Juan Pablo Ospina Sánchez
Medicine Student
III Semester 2014
UPB
2.
3.
4. INTRODUCTION
Modifying the DNA offers the
possibility to predict the
functions of a living cell and avoid
non wished facts.
Bacterial resistance is a modern
problem, this new show us
discovering ways to fight with
this aged problem.
Organ regeneration will provide
efficiency in transplants and the
acceptation of this organs.
5. Gene discovered that activates stem
cells for organ regeneration in
Planarians
July 3rd 2014
Planarians
A planarian split
lengthwise or
crosswise will
regenerate into two
separate individuals.
When planarians got
cut into pieces, each
piece regenerate the
missing parts.
Planarian receive
oxygen and release
carbon dioxide by
diffusion.
6. Gene discovered that activates stem
cells for organ regeneration in
Planarians
July 3rd 2014
Many species across the animal
kingdom have the ability to
regenerate, but the mechanisms
that connect injuries to stem cell
activation and the production of
new tissues are not fully
understood.
“Tissue organizers"
that secrete proteins
Protein Notum as a
component of a
tissue organizer
needed for
regeneration
Gene zic-1 enables
stem cells to
regeneration
7. Gene discovered that activates stem
cells for organ regeneration in
Planarians
July 3rd 2014
Notum
inhibit
Wnt
signaling
Wnt signaling
used in cell-cell
communication
Expression of
the Notum
protein
required the
zic-1 gene
8. Gene discovered that activates stem
cells for organ regeneration in
Planarians
July 3rd 2014
Other
species that
regenerates
Amphibians
Murphy Roths
Large (mouse)
9. Gene discovered that activates stem
cells for organ regeneration in
Planarians
July 3rd 2014
•Student comment:
In my opinion finding out the way to
activate "tissue organizers" could
help in the activation of the
regeneration in both tissue and
organs, this eventually could help us
to think in method of obtaining
organs donors where the patients
are their own donors making this
practice much more quickly and
safely to the patient as to come
from itself would not occur
rejection.
10. MurJ flips a fatty molecule from one
side of a bacterial cell membrane to
the other. If that molecule isn't flipped
the cell bursts.
E. coli is part of the gram-negative
family of bacteria, characterized by
having an extra membrane, called the
outer membrane, that reduces the
chances for a drug to penetrate the cell
to kill it.
If we stop Murj from working, the cells
will die within 10 minutes -- very
quickly," said Natividad Ruiz.
Potential new target for antibiotics
against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
11. Stop construction of a bacterial cell layer called
peptidoglycan the creation of this layer, which
consists of sugars and amino acids.
Potential new target for antibiotics
against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
12. Lipids serve as part of a cell membrane's
infrastructure. The mystery protein has been referred
to as a flippase because of its function: flipping the
lipid.
Scientists lower protein levels by suppressing activation
of the genes that make the protein -- which takes time
and doesn't necessarily fully eliminate the protein's
presence.
Eliminating the protein showed that cells wouldn't make
the peptidoglycan layer; and it was demonstrated to be
related to other flipping proteins.
Potential new target for antibiotics
against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
13. Potential new target for antibiotics
against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
Inhibiting the protein
is similar to use an
antibiotic who will kill
the protein by not
allowing it to work
Bernhardt's lab used a toxin
some cells release that is known
to "eat" the flipped lipid after it
appears on the outside of its
inner membrane
very little of the target lipid
could be detected meaning
the lipid was being flipped
and immediately consumed
by the toxin.
When MurJ was inhibited
in those cells and the toxin
was added, meaning that
the lipid never got flipped
because the activity of
MurJ was gone.
14. Student comment:
This research gives us the possibility to combate
the recent antibiotic resistance generated by
the mutation of these bacterias and the abuse
of antibiotics which leads bacterias to "adjust”
One of the problems of the 21st century is the
bacterial resistance generated by the
excessive supply of antibiotics, the bacteria
create resistance faster than a new antibiotic
can be developed
Potential new target for antibiotics
against E. coli, other bugs
July 10th 2014
15. Medical Utility
Accelerate and make safer
the organ donation
Accelerate and make safer the organ
donation
The induction of "tissue organizers“
will stimulate tissue regeneration
Research on stem cells has focused on
their ability to create individual cell types
17. Medical Utility
Treatment of other gram-negative
bacteria
More effective treatment
High-efficiency at attacking the weak
point of resistant bacteria
Revolution in the pharmaceutical bussines
by showing a new starting point
Improve the quality of life of patients
and health care employees
18. Medical Utility
If the real cure is finally taken out to
the light, the medicine wil be able to
progress in the attention and service
to get a new and better ideal of
health
19. [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/14070
3142348.htm] cheked on July 18, 2014, 15:00. “Gene
discovered that activates stem cells for organ
regeneration in Planarians”
[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/14071
0141351.htm] cheked on July 18, 2014, 15:30. “Potential
new target for antibiotics against E. Coli, other bugs”
REFERENCES
