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The Battle of Saratoga
- 1. U.S. History The American Revolution Declaring Independence
- 2. Common Sense Thomas Paine: author of Common Sense 38 yrs old Thomas Paine
- 3. Common Sense 47 pages, 500K copies Argued for breaking away from Britain Plain language Cover of Common Sense
- 4. “I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense . . ." Common Sense
- 5. “I have heard it asserted that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of argument…” Common Sense
- 6. “But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families…” Common Sense
- 7. “Nothing but independence…can keep the peace of the continent…A government of our own is our natural right: and when a man seriously reflects on the precariousness of human affairs, he will become convinced that it is infinitely wiser and safer, to form a constitution of our own in a cool deliberate manner, while we have it in our power…” Common Sense
- 8. Declaring Independence Lee Resolution: “These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States…” Proposed June 7, 1776 Richard Henry Lee
- 9. Declaring Independence June 10, 1776: Congress appoints a committee to draft a statement of independence
- 11. Thomas Jefferson Virginia
- 12. Roger Sherman Connecticut
- 13. Benjamin Franklin Pennsylvania
- 14. Robert Livingston New York
- 16. John Adams to Thomas Jefferson: You are a Virginian You are a better writer I am obnoxious! Declaring Independence
- 17. Declaring Independence July 2, 1776: Lee Resolution adopted Lee Resolution
- 18. “The 2nd day of July 1776 will be the most memorable in the epocha in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival…with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations from one end of this continent to the other…” --John Adams, in a letter to Abigail Adams Declaring Independence
- 19. Declaring Independence July 4, 1776: Declaration of Independence adopted Declaration of Independence
- 20. Declaring Independence August 2, 1776: Declaration signed Declaration of Independence
- 21. The Document: Unalienable rights Listed rights violated by George II Asserted right to break away Declaring Independence
- 22. Patriots—colonists who chose to fight for independence Loyalists—colonists who sided with Great Britain in the fight for Independence Choosing Sides
- 23. Choosing Sides 100,000 Loyalists fled America William Franklin William Franklin Thomas Fairfax
- 24. “…all men are created equal…” Other Reactions to the Declaration
- 25. Not included in the Declaration: Rights of women Rights of African Americans Other Reactions to the Declaration
- 26. Other Reactions to the Declaration Abigail Adams: wrote an appeal to include the rights of women in the Declaration Abigail Adams
- 27. Other Reactions to the Declaration Jefferson included a passage attacking slave trade Removed Slavery/liberty coexist? Thomas Jefferson
- 28. GW ordered that no black soldier could serve Leaders feared slaves having weapons 1775, VA offered freedom to slaves who would leave their owners to fight Army enlisted free African Americans 5,000 African American Patriots fought American Indians knowledge of land and recruitment led to an end of the Iroquois League- some fought for Britain & some the U.S. African Americans and American Indians
- 29. Few fought, others worked as spies or messengers Deborah Sampson Garnett of Massachusetts disguised herself as a man and fought as Robert Sheffield- after she died in 1827 Congress gave her husband a pension as a widow of the war Worked as cooks, laundresses, nurses Made uniforms and manufactured bullets Women
- 30. Deborah Sampson
- 31. Mary Ludwig Hays aka Molly Pitcher
- 33. At your table complete the following: Handout on Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Primary Source Analysis Understanding Common Sense chart Handout: Grievances from the Declaration of Independence Drawing Connections between Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence Summarizer
- 34. Learning Goal: Critique the importance of foreign involvement in the American Revolution [6.11.4] There’s Something About a War…
- 35. Offensive vs. Defensive War Make Canada “14 th Colony” British Victories
- 36. British Victories General Richard Montgomery leads forces into Canada General Richard Montgomery
- 38. British Victories Benedict Arnold leads forces to Quebec Benedict Arnold
- 40. Arnold waits for Montgomery No cannons British Victories
- 42. Wait for snowstorm to provide cover December 31, 1775: attack launched British Victories
- 43. Crushing defeat More than half of Patriot soldiers captured, killed, or wounded British Victories
- 44. British Victories •General Richard Montgomery killed
- 45. Washington moves troops to New York July 1776: British fleet arrives in NY Bay British Victories
- 46. British Victories British troops led by William Howe William Howe
- 47. Continentals driven off of Long Island Retreat to Manhattan Island
- 48. Washington continued to retreat in a series of battles Many Patriots captured or killed Washington pushed into New Jersey British Victories
- 49. Victory in New Jersey November 1776: Howe captured New York Settle in for winter General William Howe
- 50. Victory in New Jersey New Jersey left in Hessian control
- 51. Battle of Trenton Referred to as the “10 crucial days” [12/25- 1/3] •Referred to as the “ten crucial days”…Dec. 25th to Jan. 3rd First major victory for { •First the Continental Army major victory for the Continental Army and and Washington Washington •Raised the morale of the American troops as well as the Raised morale of the country American troops as well as the country •Led to soldiers re-enlisting and future enlistments Led to soldiers re-enlisting and future enlistments •Captured over 1,000 Hessian soldiers, weapons, food and etc. Captured Army re-crossed the Delaware to Valley Forge in Pennsylvaniaetc. •American over 1,000 Hessian soldiers, weapons, food and American Army re-crossed the Delaware to Valley Forge in PA
- 55. Battle of Princeton—battle in which Patriots circled a British camp in the dark & attacked in the morning Victory in New Jersey
- 56. Battle of Princeton Campfires left burning Circles behind British troops Victory in New Jersey
- 58. Battle of Princeton Patriot Victory Second of Washington’s three battlefield victories Victory in New Jersey
- 59. General Horatio Gates surrounds the British with the help of Benedict Arnold British defeat stopped them from cutting off New England from the rest of the country and ending the war. British lacked knowledge of geography and failed at communications. Oct. 1777, British General, John Burgoyne was surrounded by US General Horatio Gates and forced to surrender 6,000 British troops. Led to a military alliance with France providing soldiers, naval fleet and $$$$$. (Franco-American alliance, 1778)
- 62. Turning Point at Saratoga General Horatio Gates drove back a British attack Horatio Gates
- 64. Turning Point at Saratoga October 17, 1777: Burgoyne surrenders to Gates
- 65. Effects: Morale boost Increased foreign support Turning Point at Saratoga
- 66. France Foreign Aid Spain
- 67. Foreign Aid Bernardo de Galvez Spanish governor of Louisiana Attacked British forts along Mississippi River Bernardo de Galvez & Florida
- 68. Galveston Island named in honor
- 70. Foreign Aid Marquis de Lafayette: Arrived Summer 1777 Wounded at Brandywine Creek Gave money to support Revolution Marquis de Lafayette
- 71. December 1777: troops settle at Valley Forge for winter Food & clothing shortages 1/5 of soldiers died Winter at Valley Forge
- 74. Winter at Valley Forge Friedrich von Steuben: Prussian Taught troops drill procedure Friedrich von Steuben
- 76. Navy & Marines established 1775 Feb 1776: only 8 ships British had large navy Strategy: attack individual ships The War at Sea
- 77. The War at Sea John Paul Jones— responsible for much of America’s naval success John Paul Jones
- 78. “I have not yet begun to fight!”
- 79. Victory at Yorktown British surrendered after losing at Yorktown Patriots defeat largest British force- British Surrender at Yorktown The World Turned Upside Down
- 80. An agreement to stop the fighting between Britain and U.S. Purpose was to create peace between both countries Wanted to end the fighting and killing Treaty signed on 9/3/1783 Preliminary articles signed 11/30/1782 The Treaty of Paris
- 85. British Obstacles in the Revolution 3) The American Spirit. So 1) Their army simply long as the colonists were wasn't large enough to determined to resist, the occupy enough square British would have a miles of territory in North difficult time retaining all America. the thirteen colonies. They had to break the 2) Distance. The American American will to fight or rebels had the "Home at least disrupt America's Field" advantage, while unity to make it too Britain had to maintain painful for the colonists to long supply lines back to wage a sustained the Mother Country. rebellion.
- 86. Summarizer: On an exit slip answer the following: Could the colonies win without the support of France?