The document discusses key concepts for developing a research proposal, including problem formulation, hypotheses, variables, and operational definitions. It explains that a research problem identifies a condition that needs more knowledge, while a research question clearly asks how variables may be related. A hypothesis predicts the relationship between an independent variable, which influences an outcome, and a dependent variable, which is influenced. Operational definitions explicitly specify how concepts will be measured so others can replicate the study. The document provides examples and guidance for writing a research proposal that addresses an important problem and contributes meaningful evidence.
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