Magento 2 - An Intro to a Modern PHP-Based System - ZendCon 2015
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Newly updated version of my Magento 2 intro talk - make sure to refer to this one, not the older ones! Over 200,000 companies use the Magento 1 platform to power their eCommerce needs. So when they set out to build a major new version, the Magento team had significant pressure to deliver a modern, well-designed PHP-based system. Pulling in some of the best of the PHP world through tools like Composer, phpunit and more, I believe they met that goal. In this talk, we’ll take a look at the design and architecture of Magento 2, including it’s use of dependency injections, interceptors and service contracts to provide numerous ways for developers to extend and customize the system. Presented at ZendCon 2015.
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Magento 2 - An Intro to a Modern PHP-Based System - ZendCon 2015
- 1. PRESENTED BY JOSHUA WARREN PRESENTED AT ZENDCON 2015 Magento 2 AN INTRODUCTION TO A MODERN PHP- BASED SYSTEM
- 3. JoshuaWarren.com 150 slides in ~50 minutes lots of code focus on the concepts, download the slides later #ZendCon
- 5. JoshuaWarren.com My Experience PHP Developer Since 1999 Founded Creatuity in 2008 Focused on the Magento platform Magento 2 contributor #ZendCon
- 6. JoshuaWarren.com early adopter of both Magento 1 and Magento 2 #ZendCon
- 8. JoshuaWarren.com Led the Creatuity team in building 3 Magento 2 extensions (more on the way!) #ZendCon
- 9. JoshuaWarren.com Already migrating a few merchants from Magento 1 to Magento 2 #ZendCon
- 10. JoshuaWarren.com Wrote Writing the book on Magento 2 #ZendCon
- 11. JoshuaWarren.com Not a Magento employee, but working closely with the development, documentation & product teams on Magento 2 #ZendCon
- 12. A BRIEF HISTORY OF MAGENTO Photo courtesy of @YoavKutner
- 13. JoshuaWarren.com Magento 1 development began in 2007 by Varien, a PHP development agency. #ZendCon
- 14. JoshuaWarren.com A look at the state of the art when Magento 1 was built PHP & Ecommerce in 2007 osCommerce is state of the art Cloud-based / SaaS ecommerce doesn’t exist yet PHP 5.2 is cutting-edge Composer doesn’t exist - PHP has no dependency management There’s this new thing called ZF, otherwise it’s Cake or Symfony Testing? You might find a few people using PHPUnit #ZendCon
- 15. JoshuaWarren.com The Painful World of osCommerce PHP & Ecommerce in 2007 Want to add an attribute? Modify your database schema on live. Looking at add new features? Modify core PHP files. Want to upgrade your store? Good luck! #ZendCon
- 16. JoshuaWarren.com Magento 1 was built to resolve the pain points of osCommerce. #ZendCon
- 17. JoshuaWarren.com Designed to be more flexible and to provide standardized ways to customize the platform. #ZendCon
- 18. JoshuaWarren.com By 2010, Magento had been downloaded 1.5 million times. #ZendCon
- 19. JoshuaWarren.com Attracted by Magento’s free, open- source approach, hundreds of thousands of sites were launched using Magento 1 #ZendCon
- 20. JoshuaWarren.com There’s just one problem… #ZendCon
- 21. JoshuaWarren.com Ecommerce development is hard. #ZendCon
- 23. JoshuaWarren.com Lightly documented ecommerce development is even harder. #ZendCon
- 25. JoshuaWarren.com Varien, now known as Magento Inc, is acquired by eBay in 2011. #ZendCon
- 26. JoshuaWarren.com Work begins on Magento 2 almost immediately. #ZendCon
- 27. JoshuaWarren.com Now the most widely-used eCommerce platform, powering over 250,000 sites, expectations are high for the Magento 2 team. #ZendCon
- 28. JoshuaWarren.com Fewer than 30 commits are made to Magento 2 in 2012. #ZendCon
- 29. JoshuaWarren.com Internal priorities continue to shift, and finally at the end of 2014, Magento 2 development is made public on Github. #ZendCon
- 30. JoshuaWarren.com Magento commits to a release schedule for Magento 2, and announces the acceptance of pull requests. #ZendCon
- 31. JoshuaWarren.com devdocs.magento.com launches with significant documentation of Magento 2. #ZendCon
- 32. JoshuaWarren.com Developer Beta is released in December 2014; Merchant Beta in July 2015 #ZendCon
- 33. JoshuaWarren.com Production-ready release scheduled for Q4 2015 #ZendCon
- 34. Timely Twitter Question! JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon
- 35. JoshuaWarren.com Magento 2 team has committed to quarterly releases. I’m targeting the Q1 2016 release for more cautious brands. #ZendCon
- 36. Timely Twitter Answer about Q1 Release JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon
- 37. JoshuaWarren.com A quick note for any Magento 1 developers in the audience… #ZendCon
- 39. JoshuaWarren.com …for PHP developers new to Magento. #ZendCon
- 40. JoshuaWarren.com PHP developers are learning Magento 2 faster than many Magento 1 developers. #ZendCon
- 41. JoshuaWarren.com Approach Magento 2 with a desire to learn and understand the underlying patterns. #ZendCon
- 42. JoshuaWarren.com Don’t approach Magento 2 with the thought “how do I make my Magento 1 code work here” #ZendCon
- 43. JoshuaWarren.com With that mind, let’s dive into Magento 2… #ZendCon
- 46. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Composer composer create-project magento/product-community-edition --stability="beta" <installation directory name>
- 47. JoshuaWarren.com Each Magento 2 module is a separate Composer package #ZendCon
- 49. JoshuaWarren.com Testing built in from the start. phpunit, selenium, JMeter, Jasmine #ZendCon
- 50. JoshuaWarren.com HTML5, CSS3, LESS CSS Preprocessor, JQuery, RequireJS #ZendCon
- 51. JoshuaWarren.com Components from Zend Framework 1, Zend Framework 2, Symfony #ZendCon
- 53. JoshuaWarren.com Presentation Layer, Service Layer, Domain Layer, Persistence Layer #ZendCon
- 55. JoshuaWarren.com Presentation Layer - views, literally and figuratively #ZendCon
- 56. JoshuaWarren.com Service Layer - an intermediary between the presentation and model layers #ZendCon
- 57. JoshuaWarren.com Service layer provides a stable, backwards-compatible interface and forms the foundation for dependency injection. #ZendCon
- 58. JoshuaWarren.com Domain layer - business logic, including models. Contains the implementation of service contracts. #ZendCon
- 59. JoshuaWarren.com Persistence Layer - resource models that perform CRUD operations on database tables. #ZendCon
- 60. JoshuaWarren.com Some models use a single table, others continue to use the Entity-Attribute-Value design pattern used in Magento 1. #ZendCon
- 67. JoshuaWarren.com Start your Magento 2 journey learning the basics of these design patterns #ZendCon
- 68. DEPENDENCY INJECTION Sorry - no cool photo here, because I don’t like needles…
- 69. JoshuaWarren.com DI is exactly what it sounds like - injecting dependencies into the objects that need them. #ZendCon
- 70. JoshuaWarren.com DI is designed to reduce dependencies and promote loose coupling #ZendCon
- 71. JoshuaWarren.com DI makes unit testing much easier #ZendCon
- 72. JoshuaWarren.com Magento 2 uses the Constructor Injection pattern of DI #ZendCon
- 73. JoshuaWarren.com DI in Magento 2 is handled via XML files #ZendCon
- 74. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon di.xml <config xmlns:xsi=“[…]” xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=“[…]”> <virtualType name="MagentoSamplePaymentProviderBlockFormPayinstore" type="MagentoPaymentBlockForm" shared="false"> <arguments> <argument name="data" xsi:type="array"> <item name="template" xsi:type=“string"> Magento_SamplePaymentProvider::form/payinstore.phtml </item> </argument> </arguments> </virtualType> </config>
- 75. INTERCEPTORS
- 76. JoshuaWarren.com Plugin system based on the interceptor pattern #ZendCon
- 77. JoshuaWarren.com Calls to almost any module can be intercepted and altered #ZendCon
- 78. JoshuaWarren.com Vast improvement over the rewrite pattern in Magento 1 - no more rewrite conflicts #ZendCon
- 79. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon di.xml <config> <type name="{ObservedType}"> <plugin name="{pluginName}" type="{PluginClassName}" sortOrder="1" disabled="false"/> </type> </config>
- 80. JoshuaWarren.com Sort order defines order if multiple plugins intercept the same item #ZendCon
- 81. JoshuaWarren.com Possible to intercept before, after and around a function #ZendCon
- 82. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon ‘Before’ Interceptor class Plugin { public function beforeSetName(MagentoCatalogModelProduct $subject, $name) { return array('(' . $name . ')'); } }
- 83. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon ‘After’ Interceptor class Plugin { public function afterGetName(MagentoCatalogModelProduct $subject, $result) { return '|' . $result . '|'; } }
- 84. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon ‘Around’ Interceptor class Plugin { public function aroundSave(MagentoCatalogModelProduct $subject, Closure $proceed) { $this->doSomethingBeforeProductIsSaved(); $returnValue = $proceed(); if ($returnValue) { $this->postProductToFacebook(); } return $returnValue; } }
- 85. SERVICE CONTRACTS Credit to Allan MacGregor for the Soylent Green joke.
- 86. JoshuaWarren.com Set of interfaces to define the public API of a module #ZendCon
- 87. JoshuaWarren.com This API is the interface provided to other modules to access its implementation #ZendCon
- 88. JoshuaWarren.com Designed to hide business logic behind a stable interface #ZendCon
- 89. JoshuaWarren.com Service contracts + semantic versioning = minor releases will not break existing code #ZendCon
- 90. JoshuaWarren.com @deprecated = will be removed with the next major version release #ZendCon
- 91. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon CustomerRepositoryInterface.php namespace MagentoCustomerApi; /** * Customer CRUD interface. */ interface CustomerRepositoryInterface { /** * Create customer. * * @api * @param MagentoCustomerApiDataCustomerInterface $customer * @param string $passwordHash * @return MagentoCustomerApiDataCustomerInterface * @throws MagentoFrameworkExceptionInputException If bad input is provided * @throws MagentoFrameworkExceptionStateInputMismatchException If the provided email is already used * @throws MagentoFrameworkExceptionLocalizedException */ public function save(MagentoCustomerApiDataCustomerInterface $customer, $passwordHash = null);
- 92. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon CustomerRepositoryInterface.php /** * Retrieve customer. * * @api * @param string $email * @param int|null $websiteId * @return MagentoCustomerApiDataCustomerInterface * @throws MagentoFrameworkExceptionNoSuchEntityException If customer with the specified email does not exist. * @throws MagentoFrameworkExceptionLocalizedException */ public function get($email, $websiteId = null); /** * Retrieve customer. * * @api * @param int $customerId * @return MagentoCustomerApiDataCustomerInterface * @throws MagentoFrameworkExceptionNoSuchEntityException If customer with the specified ID does not exist. * @throws MagentoFrameworkExceptionLocalizedException */ public function getById($customerId);
- 93. JoshuaWarren.com Service Contracts include Data Interfaces and Service Interfaces #ZendCon
- 94. JoshuaWarren.com Data Interfaces return information about data entities #ZendCon
- 95. JoshuaWarren.com Service Interfaces handle business logic #ZendCon
- 96. JoshuaWarren.com Three types of service interfaces in Magento 2 (so far) #ZendCon
- 97. JoshuaWarren.com Repository Interfaces provide access to persistent data entities #ZendCon
- 99. JoshuaWarren.com Repository interfaces contain the CRUD operations #ZendCon
- 100. JoshuaWarren.com Management interfaces contain management functions not related to repositories #ZendCon
- 102. JoshuaWarren.com Metadata interfaces provide meta information - primarily about custom attributes #ZendCon
- 103. JoshuaWarren.com Most service contracts are in the Api folder - but not all. There are SPIs annotated with @Api but in the Model folder, not Api #ZendCon
- 104. EXTENDING MAGENTO 2
- 105. JoshuaWarren.com Check out the Magento 2 sample extensions - 12 official samples, including 1 theme #ZendCon
- 106. JoshuaWarren.com Create your basic module file structure #ZendCon
- 108. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Composer.json { "name": "joshuaswarren/sample-module-minimal", "description": "A minimal sample Magento 2 module", "type": "magento2-module", "version": "1.0.0", "license": [ "OSL-3.0", "AFL-3.0" ], "require": { "php": "~5.5.0|~5.6.0", "magento/magento-composer-installer": "*" }, "extra": { "map": [ [ "*", "joshuaswarren/SampleMinimal" ] ] } }
- 109. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon etc/module.xml <config> <module name=“Joshuaswarren_SampleMinimal" setup_version="2.0.0"> </module> </config>
- 110. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon NEW! Registration.php As of last week, Magento 2 modules need a registration.php file - this allows modules to live in vendor directory
- 111. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon NEW! Registration.php Thanks to Mage2.Pro for this reusable snippet
- 112. JoshuaWarren.com Optional config files in etc: acl.xml config.xml di.xml webapi.xml #ZendCon
- 113. JoshuaWarren.com acl.xml defines new items for Magento’s ACL system #ZendCon
- 114. JoshuaWarren.com Config.xml adds new configuration options #ZendCon
- 115. JoshuaWarren.com Webapi.xml defines items to expose via the REST or SOAP APIs #ZendCon
- 116. JoshuaWarren.com Optional subdirectories in etc: adminhtml frontend webapi_rest webapi_soap #ZendCon
- 117. JoshuaWarren.com Items in the main etc directory apply globally to your extension #ZendCon
- 118. JoshuaWarren.com Items in the 4 subdirectories apply only to that area - i.e., adminhtml only applies to the Magento backend #ZendCon
- 121. JoshuaWarren.com API contains any new service contracts your extension adds #ZendCon
- 122. JoshuaWarren.com Plugin contains any interceptors your extension defines #ZendCon
- 123. JoshuaWarren.com UI is for Magento 2’s new Magento UI library #ZendCon
- 124. JoshuaWarren.com I18n contains internationalization files - CSV files defining the translations for your strings #ZendCon
- 125. JoshuaWarren.com If your extension doesn’t need one of these items, just omit that folder #ZendCon
- 126. JoshuaWarren.com Sample: custom shipping method to allow for in-store pickup from several locations #ZendCon
- 127. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Block/System/Config/Form/Field/Locations.php namespace MagentoSampleShippingProviderBlockSystemConfigFormField; use MagentoConfigBlockSystemConfigFormFieldFieldArrayAbstractFieldArray; /** * Backend system config array field renderer */ class Locations extends AbstractFieldArray { /** * Initialise columns for 'Store Locations' * * @return void */ protected function _construct() { $this->addColumn('title', ['label' => __('Title'), 'class' => 'validate-no-empty validate-alphanum-with-spaces']); $this->addColumn('street', ['label' => __('Street Address'), 'class' => 'validate-no-empty validate-alphanum-with-spaces']); $this->addColumn('phone', ['label' => __('Phone Number'), 'class' => 'validate-no-empty validate-no-empty validate-phoneStrict']); $this->addColumn('message', ['label' => __('Message'), 'class' => 'validate-no-empty']); $this->_addAfter = false; parent::_construct(); } }
- 128. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Model/Type/Plugin/Onepage.php [1/2] namespace MagentoSampleShippingProviderModelTypePlugin; use MagentoCheckoutModelTypeOnepage as CheckoutOnePage; use MagentoSampleShippingProviderModelCarrier; /** * Change Shipping Address to selected Store location address */ class Onepage { /** * @var Carrier */ private $carrier; /** * @param Carrier $carrier */ public function __construct(Carrier $carrier) { $this->carrier = $carrier; }
- 129. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Model/Type/Plugin/Onepage.php [2/2] /** * Replace shipping address with pickup location address * @param CheckoutOnePage $subject * @param array $result * @return $this */ public function afterSaveShippingMethod(CheckoutOnePage $subject, array $result) { if ($result) { return $result; } $quote = $subject->getQuote(); $shippingAddress = $quote->getShippingAddress(); $shippingMethod = $shippingAddress->getShippingMethod(); /** * In-Store pickup selected * Update Shipping Address */ if (strpos($shippingMethod, $this->carrier->getCarrierCode()) !== false) { $locationAddress = $this->carrier->getLocationInfo($shippingMethod); $shippingAddress->setCountryId($locationAddress['country_id']); $shippingAddress->setRegionId($locationAddress['region_id']); $shippingAddress->setPostcode($locationAddress['postcode']); $shippingAddress->setCity($locationAddress['city']); $shippingAddress->setStreet($locationAddress['street']); $shippingAddress->setTelephone($locationAddress['phone']); } return $result; } }
- 130. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Model/Carrier.php namespace MagentoSampleShippingProviderModel; use PsrLogLoggerInterface; use MagentoFrameworkAppConfigScopeConfigInterface; use MagentoStoreModelScopeInterface; use MagentoShippingModelCarrierAbstractCarrier; use MagentoShippingModelCarrierCarrierInterface; use MagentoShippingModelConfig; use MagentoShippingModelRateResultFactory; use MagentoQuoteModelQuoteAddressRateResultMethodFactory; use MagentoQuoteModelQuoteAddressRateResultErrorFactory; /** * In-Store Pickup shipping model */ class Carrier extends AbstractCarrier implements CarrierInterface { /** * @var string */ protected $_code = 'storepickup'; /** * @var bool */ protected $_isFixed = true; … see https://github.com/magento/magento2-samples/blob/master/sample-module-shipping-provider/Model/Carrier.php
- 131. JoshuaWarren.com model/carrier.php contains all of the functions a shipping carrier must have in Magento 2 #ZendCon
- 133. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Etc/Adminhtml/System.xml <system> <section id="carriers"> <group id="storepickup" translate="label" type="text" sortOrder="10" showInDefault="1" showInWebsite="1" showInStore="1"> <label>In-Store Pickup</label> <field id="active" translate="label" type="select" sortOrder="1" showInDefault="1" showInWebsite="1" showInStore="1"> <label>Enabled</label> <source_model>MagentoConfigModelConfigSourceYesno</source_model> <comment> <![CDATA[<strong style="color:red">Warning</strong>: Shipping Origin should be configured to use this method.]]> </comment> </field> <field id="title" translate="label" type="text" sortOrder="2" showInDefault="1" showInWebsite="1" showInStore="1"> <label>Title</label> </field> […]
- 134. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Etc/Frontend/di.xml <config xmlns:xsi=“[…]” xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=“[…]”> <type name="MagentoSampleShippingProviderModelTypePluginOnepage"/> <type name="MagentoCheckoutModelTypeOnepage"> <plugin name="change_shipping_address" type="MagentoSampleShippingProviderModelTypePluginOnepage"/> </type> </config>
- 135. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Etc/Module.xml <config xmlns:xsi=“[…]” xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=“[…]”> <module name="Magento_SampleShippingProvider" setup_version="2.0.0"> </module> </config>
- 136. JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon Composer.json { "name": "magento/sample-module-shipping-provider", "description": "Demonstrate Shipping Provider", "type": "magento2-module", "version": "1.0.0", "license": [ "OSL-3.0", "AFL-3.0" ], "require": { "php": "~5.5.0|~5.6.0", "magento/magento-composer-installer": "*", "magento/framework": "~0.74", "magento/module-store": "~0.74", "magento/module-shipping": "~0.74", "magento/module-quote": "~0.74", "magento/module-checkout": "~0.74" }, "extra": { "map": [ [ "*", "Magento/SampleShippingProvider" ] ] } }
- 137. JoshuaWarren.com We now have a complete, functioning in-store-pickup shipping extension for Magento 2 #ZendCon
- 138. JoshuaWarren.com Take a look at the Test/Unit directory on Github for tests for this extension #ZendCon
- 139. JoshuaWarren.com Magento 2 unit testing includes mocking, fixtures, etc. - everything you need for TDD #ZendCon
- 140. JoshuaWarren.com Dev Docs includes a great ‘How Do I’ on the Magento Testing Framework and testing in Magento 2 #ZendCon
- 141. LEARNING MORE Don’t end up like this guy ->
- 142. JoshuaWarren.com devdocs.magento.com - ‘How Do I?’ magento.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/magento2 https://github.com/magento/magento2-samples #ZendCon
- 143. Dev Docs Team of hard-working technical writers (not developers) Writing documentation for a system that has yet to be used ‘in the wild’ Very eager for feedback and input - they don’t know what documentation you need Very open to pull requests of documentation or just open an issue on Github with feedback + requests JoshuaWarren.com #ZendCon
- 144. JoshuaWarren.com Magento U Courses Fundamentals of Magento 2 Development Front-end Course #ZendCon
- 146. JoshuaWarren.com Upcoming events: php[world] - November 2015 Magento Imagine - April 2016 #ZendCon
- 147. JoshuaWarren.com As a freelancer… Learning Magento 2 Set aside time in your week to learn the design patterns Magento 2 uses Work through the sample code the Magento 2 team has provided Begin experimenting with developing with Magento 2 Do not try to learn ‘on the job’ - be careful accepting M2 work before you’re ready #ZendCon
- 148. JoshuaWarren.com As an in-house developer for a merchant… Learning Magento 2 Determine when your business is likely to migrate to Magento 2 First 2-4 weeks of your Magento 2 migration schedule should be learning Magento 2 Learn the patterns before you start! #ZendCon
- 149. JoshuaWarren.com As an agency or industry partner… Learning Magento 2 Create a tiger team of developers focused on Magento 2 Allow those developers time in the day to learn Magento 2 Those developers should implement your first Magento 2 projects That team then helps the rest of your team through the learning curve #ZendCon
- 150. JoshuaWarren.com When do I need to be Magento 2 ready? Learning Magento 2 Magento 2 will be released late enough in the year that most merchants won’t begin using it immediately. Merchants will also wait until their mission-critical extensions are available on Magento 2. Start learning it now - but don’t panic! #ZendCon
- 151. JoshuaWarren.com Programming With Magento 2 coming to amazon.com & phparch.com #ZendCon