1. Bk7210 Urban analysis & design
Minor: Green Blue City 2013
Lecture 4
Design principles
and Kop van Zuid
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
John Westrik

2. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid, Rotterdam, ca.1989

3. Contents of this lecture
1.
Urban plans Kop van Zuid Rotterdam slide 5-20
2.
Evaluation urban plan slide 21-43
3.
Five themes for high-rise policy slide 44-50
4.
Reflection on subjects, comparison R’dam - A’dam slide 51-76
5.
Creative commons slide 77
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

4. Marginal notes
Two important differences between urbanism and architecture:
1. Time span
Masterplan Kop van Zuid from 1991, now 2013 and halfway (22 years).
2. Design phases
A urban plan is developed into several plans for buildings and the public space.
It is however never exactly executed as first designed!
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

5. 1. Urban plans Kop van Zuid Rotterdam
Design assignment
Transformation from "worn-out" harbor area to urban area,
positioned opposite to the centre of the city.
Design
Masterplan of Teun Koolhaas (1987)
Definitive Masterplan + Zoningplan (ds+V, 1991)
Sub-Designs
Wilhelminapier
Entrepot-gebied
Landtong
Stadstuinen
Parkstad I en II
Entrepot II
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

6. Discription of urban plans
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Maps Rotterdam and Feijenoord

7. Discription of urban plans
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Maps Rotterdam Zuid

8. Discription of urban plans
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Maps Rotterdam Zuid

9. Discription of urban plans
Masterplan Kop van Zuid, Teun Koolhaas 1987 and Municipality 1995
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

10. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

11. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

12. Zoning plan 1991
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

13. Mixed program Kop van Zuid / Parkstad
Kop van Zuid:
- 4.500 dwellings (3.000 realised)
- 350.000 m2 offices
(180.000 m2 realised)
- 80.000 m2 retail / leisure
(30.000 m2 realised)
- 70.000 m2 non-profit
(50.000 m2 realised)
Parkstad:
- 2.500 dwellings
- 65.000 m2 offices
- 40.000 m2 commercial
- 30.000 m2 non-profit
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

14. Sub-areas Kop van Zuid
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

15. Wilhelminapier
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

16. Zoning plan 1991
section zoning plan
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
plan Teun Koolhaas
bird's eye view plan 1987
section zoning plan and bird's eye view plan 1987

17. Masterplan Wilhelminapier, 1995
section zoning plan
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
bird's eye view plan 1995
section zoning plan and bird's eye view plan 1995

18. Masterplan Wilhelminapier, 2002
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
section zoning plan and sketch 2002

19. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
zoning plan, city of Rotterdam, 2007

20. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
renderings, 2007

21. 2. Evaluation urban plan
Points that can be called succesful and meaningful for the city as a whole
1. The new city axis
2. The new public structures
- The Erasmusbrug
- New metrostation Wilhelminaplein
- The Varkenoords viaduct
3. Three new tramlines
4. The private harbar areas are made public
5. New skyline for the city
6. New residential environments, i.e. Landtong and Stadstuinen
7. Exceptional public spaces
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

22. Infrastructure, the city axis
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

23. Infrastructure, metrostation and tramlines
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

24. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

25. From private zones to public space
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Wilhelminapier and Entrepot area

26. New residential environments
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Peninsula (landtong) and urban gardens (stadstuinen)

27. Design public space south side Wilhelminapier
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
designed by Peter Wilson

28. Wierdsmaplein
dS+V
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

29. New skyline
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

30. Future plans
1. The North-South metroline
Coloseumweg - Rosestraat - Willemsbrug
2. The East-West metrolines
3. Connecting Kop van Zuid to 19th c. residential districts
Feyenoord - Katendrecht - Afrikaanderwijk - Hillessluis
4. High-rise in relation to area development
less ad-hoc
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

31. Parkstad
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

32. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

33. Old (poor) vs New (rich)
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Large, hard contrast

34. Kop van Feijenoord
365 ground-oriented
898 appartements
________________+
1263 dwellings
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

35. Parkstad
350 ground-oriented
941 appartements
________________+
Northern emplacement
32 ground-oriented
212 appartements
"Brabantse" huisjes
79 ground-oriented
104 appartments
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
1291 dwellings

36. High-rise
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

37. Deception
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

38. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

39. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
rendering Maastoren, Rotterdam, 2006

40. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
rendering Maastoren, Rotterdam, 2006

41. Shadows
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

42. High-rise policy 2000-2010
no limit
max. 150 m
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
transition zone

43. Principles new
high-rise policy
- Wind and sun
- Continuity of city structure
- Exceptional public space
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

44. 3. Five themes for high-rise policy
Peter Bosselman
prof. Urban Design Berkely University California
1. Zoning and transformation
2. Maximum GFA (Gross Floor Area) per plot
3. Composition of build mass and plinth
4. Program of plinth
5. Comfort zone
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

45. Zoning
Yellow: Central zone (200m)
Purple: Transition zone
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

46. Maximum GFA/plot
No more than 12-15x m2 area of plot
Example:
Zalmhaven (10x)
- Expieriance of tower
wind, shadow, light
- Urban plinth
- Al parking within building
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

47. Program plinth
- The plinth needs an interesting
program over multiple layers
- Above these layers parking is possible
- Urban plinth
- Al parking within building
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

48. Montevideo
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

49. Comfort zone
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Edward Arens, Dept. of Architecture, U.C. Berkeley

50. The new watercity is formed by high-rise
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

51. 4. Reflection on subjects
Comparison
Kop van Zuid, Rotterdam
Oostelijk Havengebied, Amsterdam
1. Planning
2. Utilising harbor identity with urban development
3. Stratigic position, catalyst effect
4. Urban density
Planning
- Masterplan - Section plans
- Developing section plans
- Relation urbanism - architecture
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

52. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

53. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

54. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

55. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

56. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

57. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

58. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

59. Taking the past to the future
Harbors
- Urban plan city (form)
- Detailing (like quays, kranes, etc.)
- Reuse of harbors (no "dead" waters)
- Keeping harborbuildings that form the iconics of the plan
Kop van Zuid, Rotterdam
- Hotel New York
- Las Palmas
- Entrepot
Oostelijk Havengebied, Amsterdam
- Abbattoir (formar life stock complex)
- Gemeentelijk handelsentrepot (formar municipal trade warehouse)
- Pakhuis Amsterdam (formar warehouse)
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

60. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

61. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

62. Urban density
FSI > 100 dwellings/hec.
FSI > 2.0
How possible?
- Many stacked dwellings (>8 layers)
- Use of old quays and harbor basin
- Parking in (underground) garages
- High dense low-rise
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

63. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

64. Montevideo
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Java-eiland
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

65. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

66. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
figures R’dam vs A’dam

67. Stratigic positon of developed area
Spatial
Joining on city plan (long lines)
Functional
Public transport (+stations)
Infrastructure for moterised transportation
Catalyst effect
Rotterdam:
Kop van Zuid
Katendrecht
Feyenoord
Afrikaanderwijk
Parkstad
Amsterdam:
Oostelijk havengebied
Y-burg
Almere
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik

68. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

69. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

70. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

71. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

72. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

73. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

74. Area trancending programs
9000 dwellings
Catalyst
BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

75. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Kop van Zuid R’dam vs Oostelijk Havengebied A’dam

76. BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik
Rotterdam, old and new

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BK 7210 design principles urbanism and Kop van Zuid – ir. John Westrik