1. The ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility
R. Pascual
Chairman Executive Commission
Barcelona , 24 de maig de 2012
Amb la col·laboració:
2. What are the Research Infrastructures?
The Research Infrastructures are tools to provide essential services to the
scientific community for pure or applied research
They can be related to all the scientific and technological fields, from the
social sciences to the astronomy, through genomics and
nanotechnologies.
Examples include libraries, databases, biological archives, clean rooms,
communication networks, research vessels, satellites and navigation
centres, coastal observatories, telescopes, synchrotrons and
accelerators.
They can have a unique location or can be distributed or can be virtual.
(European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures, ESFRI)
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3. ESFRI Roadmap
• Social Sciences and Humanities
• Environmental Sciences
• Energy
• Biological and Medical Sciences
• Materials and Analytical Facilities
• Physical Sciences and Engineering
• e-Infrastructures
European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures
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4. The smallest, the Lawrence
cyclotron (1929)
The largest, the LHC at
CERN, Geneva
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5. • To observe we always need:
– A photon (or other particles) source
– The objet to be observed
– A detector outgoing photons
– A system to reconstruct the image
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7. Synchrotron radiation are the electromagnetic waves emitted
by a charged particle that moves in a curved trajectory at
a speed close to the speed of light.
electron
V : near c= 300 000 km/s
synchrotron radiation
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8. Accelerator complex to produce SR
Booster
Synchrotron
Linear accelerator
Electron gun
Experimental Beam lines Storage ring
Stations
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9. Main characteristics of SL
Continuous Spectrum, from infrared to
X-rays, with
Ecrit (keV) = 0.665 E2 (GeV) B(T)
Intense, as a narrow beam
ϑ(rad) = 0.51/E (MeV)
Polarized in the orbital plane
With temporal structure
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10. 1st and 2nd generation sources :
from dipolar magnets
electrons 3rd generation sources:
photons wiglers and ondulators
Amb la col·laboració:
11. • Basic Science • Applied Science
• Physics • Pharmacy and Health
• Chemistry • Alimentation
• Material sciences • Plastics
• Surfaces • Microelectronic
• Life sciences • Environment
• Medicine • Metallurgy
• Lithography & • Cosmetics
Microfabrication • Textile and paper
• Metrology • Construction
• Cultural heritage
• Palaeontology
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13. Why ALBA?
– To have an important tool to meet the demand of
pure and applied research (public and private) in
many different fields
– To get experience in the field of accelerator
technologies
– To have a large scientific installation at the
international level
• Around such facilities often take place the crossed
fertilization from research to development and to
innovation
– To increase the know-how of companies
• It is necessary to get non standard instrumentation, both at
the installation and running phases (more than 30 years)
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14. Firsts steps of ALBA
1992: After the recommendation of a Committee of the
regional administration the construction is announced
1993: A Steering Committee is nominated and a training
program is established
1995: Agreement between Spanish
and Catalan governments to make
a detailed study (within the IFAE)
March 2002: Formal agreement
between governments
March 2003: CELLS is created
June 2003: First meeting of
the CELLS Council
October 2003: Start of the activity
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15. • Two Advisory Committees were established
• Machine Advisory Committee
• Scientific Advisory Committee
• Recruitment of personnel
• Provisional headquarters in the UAB (until april 2009)
• After geological studies a site was decided and the executive
project was ordered
• Groundbreaking started:
May 2006
• Groundbreaking ceremony:
July 2006
• Final of civil works (end 2008)
• Moving to new installations (april
2009)
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16. Status of the project
• Installation and commissioning of the linac (summer 2008)
• Starting of booster and SR installation (December 2008)
• The linac and the booster work regularly (electrons at 3 GeV)
• Commissioning of the storage ring and beamlines
• Recently: Beginning of regular services
• ...it is a continuous improvement...
• 1.5-2 years behind schedule
• On budget
Amb la col·laboració:
18. 16 straight sections of
8m, 4.4m and 2.6 m long
Booster: 3 GeV, 250 m
4 fold symmetry
emittance smaller 20 nm·rad
Storage ring: 268 m
double bend achromat lattice
16 cells with 4 fold symmetry
Linac: 100 MeV
At 3 GHz
Repetition rate of 3Hz
Amb la col·laboració:
19. Comparison of 3rd Generation Synchrotrons
20
Canadian Light Source
18
SPEAR3 (USA)
16
14
Emittance / nm rad
PLS (Korea)
12
10
MAX-II (Sweden)
ELETTRA (Italy)
8
ALS (USA) Australian Synchrotron
6
BESSY II (Germany)
Swiss Light Source ESRF
SPring-8 (Japan)
4
ALBA/CELLS (Spain)
SOLEIL (France)
Diamond APS (USA)
2
PETRA III (Germany)
0
0
Amb la col·laboració: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Energy / GeV
20. Civil Engineering
• Main Building for accelerators and experimental stations:
– Donought of 18,500 m2
• Administrative Buildings:
– 4,000 m2
• Technical Buildings
– 7,600 m2, including and auxiliary building for storage and future projects
• Very high mechanical stability to differential movements
– Critical zone: a slab of 1 m thick floating over 2 m of graduated gravels,
disconnected from the building
• Very high electrical stability:
– Redundant supply:
• Connection to a 220 kV electric line through a dedicated transformer
• Connection to a natural gas cogeneration plant for electrical and
thermal energies
• Static and dynamic (flying inertial wheels) continuity systems for the
supply to the critical parts
• Air conditioning with a variation of ±0.5ºC and ± 1ºC (depending of the zone)
• Very strict conditions to the deionised refrigeration water
• Controls by the “Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear”
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21. Somos multidisciplinarios en cuanto a usuarios
y en cuanto a las tecnologías que usamos.
Ingenieria civil y sistemas de
seguridad
Electroimanes
Fuentes de alimentación
Refrigeración
Materiales Eléctricos
Mecánica de precisión
Electrónica y Radiofrecuencia
Técnicas de Ultra-Alto Vacío
Instrumentación
Acelerador
Línieas de luz
Dispositivos de Inserción
Computación y control
Software
Hardware
Sistemas de Diagnóstico
Sistemas ópticos
Servicios
Criogenia
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23. 32 DIPOLS (1.42 T)
with GRADENT(5.9T/m)
128 quadrupols 500 mm long
120 sextupols
150 mm long,
With more
than 100
correctors
More tha 100 correctors
Amb la col·laboració:
24. RF cavity for the booster 6 RF stations for
the SR: 2 IOT
amplifiers (80
kW and 67%
efficiency)
combined in a
new Cavity
Combiner
More than 6000 equipments
Represents more than
250 call for tenders
Total number of cables (cable+conectors) : 16,776
Total number of Km of cables (approximate): 227 Km
Amb la col·laboració:
25. Linac: 100 MeV
At 3 GHz
Repetition rate of 3Hz
Amb la col·laboració:
34. First phase of beamlines
Port Beam-line Experimental techniques Scientific applications
4 MSPD Materials Science and Powder Diffraction Structure of Materials,
(SCW-30) Time resolved diffraction
9 MISTRAL X-ray microscopy. Cryogenic tomography of
(BM) biological objects. Spatially resolved
spectroscopy
11 NCD Non-Crystalline Diffraction Structure and phase transformations of
(IVU-21) biological fibers, polymers, solutions.
Time resolved X-ray studies
13 XALOC Macromolecular Crystallography Protein crystallography, with
(IVU-21) particular emphasis on large
unit cell crystals
22 CLÆSS Core Level Absorption & Emission Material Science, Chemistry,
(MPW-80) Spectroscopies Time resolved studies
24 CIRCE Photoemission Spectroscopy and Nano-science and magnetic
(EU-62) Microscopy domain imaging (PEEM).
Photoemission microscopy (PEEM) Surface chemistry (NAPP)
Near atmospheric pres. Photoem. (NAPP)
29 BOREAS Resonant Absorption and Scattering Magnetism, surface magnetism
(EU-71) and magnetic structure
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35. Budget and Characteristics
• Total budget: 201 (-1) M€ (including personnel and running
costs from 2003 to 2009)
• Annual starting budget since 2010: 16 M€
• Personnel: 140
• Around 1000 users per year (for the first phase beam lines)
• Atraction of companies and new investments
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS AND STUDY OF THE
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ALBA
Authors
Director: José García Montalvo (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)
Barcelona, January 2004 and 2010
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37. Results of the first call for users
• 200 proposals received
• 636 registered researchers
• All the BLs (x7) have a high numeber of
proposals
• 82% are Spanish proposals
• 16% are EU proposals
• 3 are no UE proposals
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41. Business Opportunities in Large Facilities
• Supplies and services contracts.
• Technologies acquisitions (supplies, available
technologies, collaboration projects , etc.)
• References
• Technicians
Studies from CERN, ESRF, Berkeley,…
From these studies we can say that, in numbers,
the returns from the collaborations with “big science” centres
present average multiplier factors in the range from
2.7 (ESA) to 3.7 (CERN)
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42. General idea behind the collaborations
If you have an apple and I have an apple, and we
exchange these apples,
then you and I still each have one apple.
But if you have an idea and I have an idea, and we
exchange theses ideas
then each of us will have two ideas.
George Bernard Shaw
Taken from CERN Global Network
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