About the new gTLDs and .cat as an example Talk to ESNOC (Network Operators Group), Barcelona, May 2013

1. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre
New gTLDs in
the root & .cat
experience
GORE/ESNOG
11th
meeting
Jordi Iparraguirre
@jordiipa
linkedin.ipa.cat
Barcelona, May 21st, 2013

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What's ahead
● Before .cat
● Sunrise and the first 6 years
● New gTLDs
● Conclusions

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A long time ago in a galaxy far,
far away ....

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…. there were 6 gTLDs
.com for companies
.net for network operators
.org for non-for-profits
.edu for US universities
.gov for the US government
. mil for Master Chief
and a few ccTLDs for friends and family,
and Jon Postel to rule them all

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And it WAS good !
How nice it's to have a tidy and properly
classified namespace ...
but entropy always wins
(even to Murphy & Chuck Norris),
such is life!

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● IANA uses ISO 3166 list for ccTLDs
● Other gTLDs were created (.mil, .int)
● Who rules the root ? --> Alternative roots?
● ICANN is created (1998)
● 2 waves of new gTLDs
– 2000: aero, biz, coop, info, museum, name, pro
– 2004: asia, cat, jobs, mobi, tel, travel, ...
– .xxx & .post later on due to “features”

7. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre
Source: ICANN https://charts.icann.org/public/index-registry-monthly.html
.aero 8,263
.asia 380,945
.biz 2,333,550
.cat 61,402
.com 108,505,915
.coop 14,967
.info 7,402,557
.jobs 42,089
.mobi 1,038,217
.museum 435
.name 218,674
.net 15,256,177
.org 10,098,060
.post 7
.pro 156,988
.tel 218,825
.travel 23,388
.xxx 140,121
And this is what we have (gTLDs):

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And this is what we have (cc+g TLD):
Source: http://www.prodomaines.com/classement-noms-domaine-extension-mai-2013-allemagne-vs-tokelau
10e8
10e7
10e6

9. CC BY Jordi Iparraguirre
.cat milestones
● Approved: 15 Sept. 2005
● In the root: 19 Dec. 2005
● Sunrise starts: 13 Feb. 2006
● Sunrise ends: 23 Abr. 2006
● IPv6 and IDN since day 1
● Moved from pre-validation to post-validation (automatic registration)
● DNSSEC ready: March 2010
● Whois: was like all gTLDs, now opt-in/out to comply EU privacy laws
● Financially self sufficient since 1st quarter, profit every year.
● Decreased prices as volume grew (from 75/yr to 10€/yr)

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.cat performance:
Source: www.domini.cat

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.cat performance:
Source: Jordi Iiparraguirre
Raw data: ICANN & Google

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● January to April 12th, well in fact May 30th 2012, ICANN
accepts candidatures for new gTLDs
● June 13th 2012: 1930 applications are revealed
– 116 are IDN and 751 are in contention
● A gold rush or a “be there or be square” issue ?
● May 2013: 63 applications already withdrawn, and some
questioned
New gTLDs

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https://newgtlds.icann.org/
● IDN: . 诺基亚 , .คอม, .‫ום‬ֹ ‫ק‬ ‫بازار‬ .католик , ….
● Brand: .bcn, .lacaixa, .mango, .seat, .telefonica ...
● Geo: .abudhabi, .capetown, .istambul, .helsinki, ...
● Community: .eco, .green, .gay, .music, .radio, .sports, ...
● Generic
New gTLDs

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● .alsace, .aquitanie, .bzh, .corsica, .eus, .gal, .scot,
.tirol .wales/cymru …...
● .barcelona, .berlin, .köln, .madrid, .melbourne, .paris,
.tokyo, .wien ….....
● .africa, .lat, + .amazon, .patagonia
● .app (13), .home (11), .inc (11), .art (10), .blog (9), .book
(9), .llc (9), .shop (9), .design (8), .cloud (7), .hotel (7),
.love (7), .ltd (7), .mail (7), .news (7), .store (7) .web
(7) ....
New gTLDs: Geo, community and others

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● From kinda ccTLDs to almost Geo
● Followed .cat example
● Copy.cat campaign
● Future: small, but properly managed can get a nice
share (volume and visibility) in their natural market
● Doubt: Find their place and meet expectations (ccTLD, a
local D.O., ...)
“Cultural” new gTLDs

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● Why ?
– Why not !
● The Internet is for everyone
● Bottom-up processes
● Which is the right measure of success ?
– Volume, service, money, … ?
● Be conservative in what you do be liberal in what you accept
from others (Postel, RFC 1222)
new gTLDs

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● New gTLD process, GAC trying to gain more
influence
● Is there a real demand for your TLD ?
● .com mindshare and market dominance
– “Big gets bigger” effect
● How to enter & survive in a mature market ?
● How will SW, FW, Apps validate new gTLDs ?
● How will pure generics win world market ?
Issues:

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● Internet governance is a key topic (increasingly critical)
– Govt's role, I.Prop law, privacy, access, censorship, ...
● SW, FW, apps, should be ready to accept all these new gTLD
names
– https://www.icann.org/en/resources/tld-acceptance
● DNSSEC & IPv6 aware & ready
Conclusions

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● Many gTLDs will be a fiasco in all metrics (volume, visibility,
infodensity, or (niche) market share
● Others will be a “family business” but expendable
● Some may get to a 10e5 zone (overcome shelf-crowding,
win niche or power mktg)
● No one will be threat for .com
Conclusions

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Gràcies!
Preguntes?
Jordi Iparraguirre
@jordiipa
http://linkedin.ipa.cat
jordi@iparraguirre.net