The document summarizes the geography, early civilizations, and history of Africa. It describes Africa as a large, diverse continent with climatic zones ranging from desert to rainforest. It outlines evidence that modern humans emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago before migrating worldwide. It then discusses several ancient African civilizations like Egypt along the Nile River, Kush and Axum in Nubia, as well as empires in West Africa like Ghana and Mali which engaged in trans-Saharan trade.
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