MINERALS

2. • A naturally occurring substance of inorganic
origin.
• Their molecular structures are regular and
their chemical composition varies only within
specific limits.
• A natural solid substance found in the earth’s
crust.
• Substances that make up the rocks of Earth.
• They are HOMOGENOUS – every part of it
is the same as every other part.

3. PRINCIPAL GROUPS
• Native Elements
• Halides
• Sulphides
• Oxides
• Carbonates
• Sulphates
• Phosphates
• Silicates

4. *Native Elements

5. *Halides

6. *Sulphides

7. *Oxides

8. *Carbonates

9. *Sulphates

10. *Phosphate

11. *Silicate

12. USES
• Sources of essential metals.
– Ores: a natural occurring metallic compound
from which the metal can be extended.
• Used as catalysts or fluxes in chemical
reactions.
• Some are of aesthetic value as collectors’
items or jewelry stones.

13. PROPERTIES TO IDENTIFY A MINERAL
• Crystal Shape
• Luster
–Metallic
–Non-metallic
• Color
• Streak
• Hardness

14. *Crystal Shape

15. *Luster

16. *Color

17. *Streak

18. *Hardness

19. MINERALS THAT ARE PART OF A
BALANCED DIET
• Iron – essential constituent of hemoglobin
• Calcium – for strong bones and teeth, and for
muscle contraction
• Sodium – (salt) for the nerve cells and to produce
hydrochloric acid for digestion
• Iodine – used to create thyroxine, hormone partly
responsible for controlling metabolic rate in body

20. Minerals composed of
organic matter (crude
oil, coal) are not true
minerals but are called
minerals.