This document provides an overview of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), also known as strokes. It defines CVAs, describes the blood supply to the brain, and classifies the major types of strokes as ischemic (caused by reduced blood flow) or hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding). It discusses the causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, progression, and management of different stroke subtypes, including transient ischemic attacks, infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage.
80. General examination of stroke patients Eyes Diabetic changes Hypertensive changes Retinal emboli Arcus senilis Cardiovascular system Blood pressure Heart rhythm Murmurs Jugular venous pressure Peripheral pulses and bruits Respiratory system Pulmonary oedema Respiratory infection Abdomen Urinary retention
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Figure 2. Most Common Sites and Sources of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Intracerebral hemorrhages most commonly involve cerebral lobes, originating from penetrating cortical branches of the anterior, middle, or posterior cerebral arteries (A); basal ganglia, originating from ascending lenticulostriate branches of the middle cerebral artery (B); the thalamus, originating from ascending thalmogeniculate branches of the posterior cerebral artery (C); the pons, originating from paramedian branches of the basilar artery (D); and the cerebellum, originating from penetrating branches of the posterior inferior, anterior inferior, or superior cerebellar arteries (E).
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