The document discusses 5G technology and smart antennas. It provides an overview of 5G including its applications and advantages over previous generations of cellular technology. It describes different types of smart antenna systems that can be used for 5G, including phased arrays and adaptive arrays. The document also covers some of the challenges of implementing 5G technology, such as health concerns related to the higher frequency signals and the need for dense antenna infrastructure.

1. AGENDA
 5G Technology
 Smart Antenna
 5G Applications
 Challenges in Smart Antenna
 Conclusion
1

2. TECHNOLOGY
 Technology is the way we apply scientific knowledge for practical
purposes.
 It includes machines (like computers) but also techniques and
processes (like the way we produce computer chips).
 Technology offers various tools to boost development and to
exchange information
 Technology is the application of science to address the problems
of daily life, from hunting tools and agricultural advances, to
manual and electronic ways of computing, to today's tablets and
smartphones 2

3. G?
 G – Generation
 Generation of wireless phone technology
 1G -?
 2G-?
 3G-?
 4G-?
 5G-?
3

4. 1G
• Frequency: 150MHz / 900MHz
• Bandwidth: Analog telecommunication (30KHz)
• Characteristic: First wireless communication
• Technology: Analog cellular
• Capacity (data rate): 2kbps
• From 1980 to 1990
• Bad voice quality
• Poor battery, cellphones
• Big cellphones
• Better than nothing, at least its wireless and mobile
4

5. 2G
 Frequency: 1.8GHz (900MHz), digital telecommunication
 Bandwidth: 900MHz (25MHz)
 Characteristic: Digital
 Technology: Digital cellular, GSM
 Capacity (data rate): 64kbps
 Why better than 1G?
 From 1991 to 2000
 Allows txt msg service
 Signal must be strong or else weak digital signal
 2.5G
 2G cellular technology with
 GPRS
 E-Mails
 Web browsing
 Camera phones
5

6. 3G
 From 2000 to 2010
 Called smartphones
 Video calls
 Fast communication
 Mobil TV
 3G phones rather expensive
 Frequency: 1.6 – 2.0 GHz
 Bandwidth: 100MHz
 Characteristic: Digital broadband, increased speed
 Technology: CDMA, UMTS, EDGE
 Capacity (data rate): 144kbps – 2Mbps
 Why better than 2G?
2/2/2023
6
All
India
Seminar
on
Smart
Antennas
for
5G
Applications
-
SIT

7. 4G
 From 2010 to today (2022)
 MAGIC
 Mobile multimedia
 Anytime, anywhere
 Global mobile support
 Integrated wireless solutions
 Customized personal service
 Good QoS + high security
 Bigger battery usage
 Frequency: 2 – 8 GHz
 Bandwidth: 100MHz
 Characteristic: High speed, all IP
 Technology: LTE, WiFi
 Capacity (data rate): 100Mbps – 1Gbps
 Why better than 3G?
7

8. 5G
 From X (2022?) to Y (2030?)
 High speed and capacity
 Faster data trasmission than 4G
 Supports
 Interactive multimedia
 Voice streaming
 Buckle up.. Internet
 More efficient
 Capacity (data rate): 1Gbps – UNLIMITED?
 Why better than 4G?
8

9. COMPARISON OF ALL GENERATION
9

10. 5G TECHNOLOGY
 5G technology is the latest telecommunication network that is
designed after 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G networks.
 It is the 5th generation mobile network.
 It is designed to connect virtually in high data speed, with high
reliability and low latency.
 5G is a unified platform than 4G.
 5G can deliver up to 20 Gigabits-per-second (Gbps) peak data
rates and 100+ Megabits-per-second (Mbps) average data
rates
 5G can be used in three main connection service, they
include:
 Enhanced Mobile Broadband
 Mission-critical communications, and
 The massive IoT
10

11. 5G HAZARD TO HEALTH ?
 The cell towers may use high frequency signals to get large
amount data. It also requires many cell towers. Experts claim
that health worse off in persons residing near mobile towers.
 It may also cause heart problems, dizziness, anxiety and
depression.
 Also researches have predicted that the radiations penetrates
into tissues and affect the nervous system. It also causes skin
diseases including cancers in prolonged use.
 Despite humans, the electromagnetic radiations also cause
impacts in birds and their nesting behaviour, in growth of trees
and plants. And cause impact in natural habitat.
11

12. COUNTRIES THAT HAVE 5G TECHNOLOGY
Some countries over the world already implemented 5G
whereas many other countries have planned it and are under
test setup.
 First country to adapt 5G in large scale is South Korea.
 South Korea, China and United States are leading in
building and deploying 5G technology.
 Australia, Canada have began their 5G service and are
currently expanding.
12

13. ADVANTAGES OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
 5G is designed to connect numerous embedded sensors
virtually in low data, power and mobility.
 5G technology works 10 times faster than 4G and so it is
easier to download files/ videos just in seconds.
 Data rates of 5Gbps or more can be achieved.
 Decreases traffic load.
 Provides consistent and uninterrupted connectivity through the
world.
 5G provides 10 times decrease in latency.
 It is manageable with previous generations.
 It can give 3 times more spectrum efficiency.
13

14. DISADVANTAGES OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
 5G equipment's are costly to install and maintain.
 5G smartphones are costly for common man to use.
 Privacy issues are not yet resolved.
 5G waves may suffer in losses in penetration, attenuation due
to rain, etc.,
14

15. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PROGRAMMES
broadband connectivity to Gram
Panchayats.
installing and using various digital payment systems for carrying out
digital transactions.
To develop smart cities across the country,
encourage companies to develop, manufacture and assemble
products made in India

16. SPECTRUM REQUIREMENTS FOR MOBILE BROADBAND
SERVICES
BAND USAGE
700 MHz New spectrum for LTE, in some markets previously used
for TV, referred to as “digital dividend” band
1800 MHz Originally only used for GSM and CDMA, progressive
redeployment to 3G HSPA and recently to LTE
2100 MHz Originally only used for GSM, progressive redeployment to
LTE
800/900 MHz Currently used for 3G, upgrading to dual carrier HSPA+
and LTE
2300 MHz Originally used for WiMax, now a standardised LTE band
for capacity
2500 MHz New capacity band for LTE

17. Business on the move,
email
LTE Enhances Wireless Broadband User
Experience
Communities, sharing
News, information
anywhere
Navigation
Augmented reality Location
Music and
entertainment
Machine 2 Machine

18. 5G New Requirements
Immersive
Seamless
Tactile
Ultra Reliable
Massive
Ultra Dense
related to the sense of touch ;
: very capable of being trusted
very large in size, amount,
or number:
extremely or unusually dense
smooth and continuous, with no apparent
gaps or spaces between one part and
the next.
"the seamless integration of footage
from different sources"
ducing 3-D image
seems to surround
;
ing someone feel
mpletely involved and
aged.

19. 5G MMWAVE SMALL CELL
19

20. SMART ANTENNA SYSTEMS
 “Smart” >> digital signal processing facility
 Smart Antenna with a digital signal processing capability to
transmit and receive in an adaptive and spatially sensitive
manner
 Why smart antenna
 Higher Capacity
 Higher Coverage
 Higher bit rate
 Improved link quality
 Spectral efficiency
 Mobility 20

21. Types of SA
Switched
lobe (SL)
SDMA
Spatial Polarization Angle
Phased array CDMA Adaptive array

22. 2/2/2023
All
India
Seminar
on
Smart
Antennas
for
5G
Applications
-
SIT
22

23. 2/2/2023
All
India
Seminar
on
Smart
Antennas
for
5G
Applications
-
SIT
23
Cell phone
tower with
sector and
Omni
antennas.
Small dishes
link tower to
cell phone HQ
and other
towers.

24. 2/2/2023
All
India
Seminar
on
Smart
Antennas
for
5G
Applications
-
SIT
24
Cell phone tower with sector antennas

25. 2/2/2023
All
India
Seminar
on
Smart
Antennas
for
5G
Applications
-
SIT
25
Cell phone tower disguised as a tree

26. Page 26
WIRED/WIRELESS NETWORKS OF TODAY
Mobile Data
Devices
PC / Server
Broadband
Internet
Service
PCS
Mobile
Network
Ethernet
Cable
GPS
Digital
Camera
DVD/TV/VCR
Printer
Real-Time
Video
PCS
Device
Auto
DSL
USB
RCA
Mobile
Devices
Wired
Devices

27. Page 27
FUTURE OF THE WIRED/WIRELESS WORLD
Mobile Data
Devices
PC / Server
Broadband
Digital Data
(Fiber/FWA)
BT
WPAN
3G
WWN
802.11
WLAN
OC3
WAN
GPS
Digital
Camera
DVD /
HDTV
Printer
Real-Time
Video
Auto
Consumer
POS
SODA
3G Mobile
Devices
Black: Multi-Mode
Orange: Single Mode
Wireless Legend

28. Page
28
ISSUES FACING ANTENNA DESIGN
 Traditional Cost vs. Performance Tradeoffs
 Antenna Considerations (OEM Priority)
 Cost
 Size
 Performance
 Multiple operation modes

29. Page
29
REDUCED SIZE
 With the Evolution of Wireless Devices the Antenna has
Been Forced to Reduce in Size
 Some Size Reduction Has Been Natural Result of
Physics as Frequencies Increase
 Example: commercial radio  broadcast television 
analog cellular  digital PCS  wireless data
 But Further Reduction in Size Introduces New
Complexities
 Must continue to increase performance
 But, must maintain a minimum certain size in order to
meet bandwidth and energy requirements

30. Page
30
PERFORMANCE
 Better Performance is Usually Achieved by
Increased S/N in the Wireless Link
 Performance improvements can be realized
by higher gain antenna (if beam is properly
focused)
 Example: Want horizontal beam for cell
phone, zenith beam for GPS
 Increased Gain Can be Used in Different Ways
 Better cell coverage area
 Increase cell size / range
 Given all mobiles at max power, then less
dropouts
 Less battery power
 Given strong signal area, then reduced Tx
Battery
 Especially critical in CDMA networks
 Some combination of above
Reduce Battery Size
R1
Reduce Dropouts
R1
R2
Increase Cell Coverage

31. WIRELESS DEVICE ANTENNA CHOICES
Loop
Patch
Monopole MLA
PIFA

32. SMART ANTENNA
32

33. SCANNING ANTENNA FOR VEHICULAR APPLICATION
33

34. SCANNING ANTENNA FOR INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
34