Conference presentation: May 2016 The framework describes some of the key components to consider in a critical infrastructure scenario. There is a combination of several concepts included to illustrate how social networks may be viewed as complex adaptive systems coupled with technological systems. The references draw on Integral theory, psychology, and resilience engineering literature.

1. 1
A Conceptual
John E. Thomas, MSEE, MBA
PhD Candidate, Research Associate
Advisor, Dr. Thomas Seager
20 May 2016 Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Framework of Cri>cal Infrastructure Resilience:
integra(ng people and complex systems

2. 2
TSA luggage screening issues
3000+ bags missed their flight
Thursday 12 May 2016

3. Darnell Earley, Flint EM
Photo: Zack WiIman/AP
Photo: Ryan Garza
Detroit Free Press
Criminal charges filed against
3 government employees 4/20/16

4. 4
Social Ecology of Infrastructure Resilience
Adapted (Masten, 2010; Bronfenbrenner, 1979)
Area of
focus
Psychological
Systems
Biological
Systems
4 4 4
Introduc>on Concepts Framework Yes, and…

5. 5
Photo: Felix Pharand Deschenes
Research Ques>ons
What?
Theore(cal
• Parameters, processes, & relaYonships?
How?
Conceptual • How to conceptualize resilience?
Why?
Opera(onal
• Facilitate mulYdisciplinary
dialogue, beIer soluYons!
Concepts Introduc>on Framework Yes, and…

6. 6
What is a framework?
• Structure of ideas & theories
• Logical foundaYon on exisYng theory
• Literature review
• Conceptual & visual representaYon
• ProposiYon for empirical verificaYon
Why do we need another one?
• Current f/w’s are inadequate
• MulYple complex adapYve systems
• Human, socio-technical factors
• Lack of common language
• Enable dialogue among disciplines
• Contribute to holisYc problem definiYon

7. 7
(Masten, 2001)
Assets, risks, & bipolar variables
w/main-effect on outcomes
Risks w/main-effect on outcomes
Moderator & risk-ac>vated moderators
Resilience Models
Protec>ve Protec>ve-stabilizing
Variables &
processes
Introduc>on Concepts Framework Yes, and…

8. 8
Stressors
/ Shocks
Vulnerability
factors
ProtecYve
factors
Boundary
condiYons
(+/-)
Resilience Concepts
Model Adapted: (Masten, 2001; Luthar, 2000)
(Hollnagel et al, 2011; Brofenbrenner, 1979)
Outcomes
Space
Time
Concepts Introduc>on Framework Yes, and…
• Moderator variables
• ProperYes & processes
• Component characterisYcs
• Bi-polar (+/-)
• Risks, suscepYbility
• ProperYes & processes
• Component thresholds
• Main-effect & operator

9. 9
Stressors
/ Shocks
Ecological
Technical
Social
Vulnerability
factors
ProtecYve
factors
Systems
of Systems
(+/-)
Model Adapted: (Masten, 2001, 2014; Luthar, 2000)
(Lerner, 2006; Holling, 2002; Smith & SYrling, 2008)
Outcomes
Space
Time
Meaning
Context
Dimensions
Concepts Introduc>on
SETS Resilience Concepts
Framework Yes, and…
Boundary
condiYons
• Systems & networks
• Dynamic coupling
• Feedback
• Context
• Meaning

10. Resilience Rela>onal Dynamics
Adapted (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Ungar, 2013)
Individuals çè Environments
(groups) (systems)
Resilience
Processes
• Navigate & negoYate resources
• Recursive & reciprocal processes
Resilience
ProperYes
Outcomes
Impacts
Concepts Introduc>on Framework Yes, and…
Darnell Earley, Flint EM
Photo: Zack WiIman/AP

11. Adapted (Thomas, 2016)
Environment = Infrastructures: energy, water, transportaYon…
Social
Systems
Infrastructures
Power
Water
Roads
Technical
Systems
Resilience
Processes
Coupled Social-technical Systems
Space
Time
Meaning
Dimensions
Concepts Introduc>on Framework Yes, and…

12. • Sensing—monitor systems state variables
• An>cipa>ng—imagining possible state outcomes
• Adap>ng—changing state variables
• Learning—differenYate, integrate, & create knowledge informing system behaviors
12
Individual & Group Resilience
Ac(ons, behaviors, & ar(facts
(Park, Seager, Rao, ConverYno, & Linkov 2013)
(Hollnagel, Paries, Woods, & Wreathall 2013)
(Linkov, Eisenberg, Bates, Chang, CoverYno, Allen, Flynn, Seager 2013)
Social-technical
Resilience Enabling Processes
Resilience Socio-Technical Processes
Outcomes
Sensing AnYcipaYng AdapYng Learning
(Thomas, 2016)
Framework Yes, and… Concepts Introduc>on

13. 13
Stressors
/ Shocks
Vulnerability
factors
ProtecYve
factors (+/-)
Ecological
Technical
Social
Systems
of Systems
Outcomes
Resilience Socio-Technical Processes
AnYcipaYng AdapYng Sensing Learning
Resilience Conceptual Framework
(Thomas, 2016)
Context
Exogenous
Endogenous
Domains
Space
Time
Meaning
Dimensions
13 Framework Yes, and… Concepts Introduc>on
Boundary
condiYons

14. 14
1. Systems
2. ProtecYve factors
3. Vulnerability factors
4. Stressors, shocks
5. SAAL processes
6. Boundary condiYons
7. Dimensions
8. Domains
9. Context
9 Parameters
Framework Scorecard
Framework Yes, and… Concepts Introduc>on

15. 15
Stressors
/ Shocks
Vulnerability
factors
ProtecYve
factors (+/-)
Outcomes
Resilience Socio-Technical Processes
AnYcipaYng AdapYng Sensing Learning
Context
Boundary
condiYons
Social
Systems
Technical
Systems
(Thomas, 2016)
Power
Roads
Water
Space
Time
Meaning
Dimensions
Exogenous
Endogenous
Domains
Infrastructure Resilience Conceptual Framework
15 Framework Yes, and… Concepts Introduc>on

16. 16
PVSO
• P = ProtecYve factors
• V = Vulnerability factors
• S = Stressors / Shocks
• O = Outcomes
Adapted: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Integral map of coupled social and technical systems
PVSO PVSO
PVSO PVSO
Yes, and… Concepts Introduc>on Framework

17. Darnell Earley, Flint EM
Photo: Zack WiIman/AP
Photo: Ryan Garza
Detroit Free Press
Resilience Socio-Technical Processes
AnYcipaYng AdapYng Sensing Learning
Outcomes

18. Proposi>ons
Photo: Felix Pharand Deschenes
Resilient
technology
requires
resilient people
Yes, and…
Resilient people
require resilient
technology
?

19. Resilience, SimulaYon for Water, Power
& Roadway Networks, NSF Grant No. 1441352
This material is based upon work supported by the Na(onal
Science Founda(on (NSF) under grant No. 1441352. Any
opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommenda(ons
expressed in this material are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
Thank You
IntegralResilience.org
Thomas, John E.
Co-authors:
Eisenberg, Daniel
Seager, Thomas Ph.D
Johnny.Thomas@asu.edu

20. 20
References
• Brand, F., & Jax, K. (2007). Focusing the Meaning (s) of Resilience: Resilience as a DescripYve Concept and a Boundary Object. Ecology and Society, 12(1).
Retrieved from hIp://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art23/ES-2007-2029.pdf
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). Ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
• Cook-Greuter, S. (1999). Postautonomous ego development: A study of its nature and measurement (Doctoral dissertaYon). Retrieved from ProQuest
DissertaYons and Theses database hIp://search.proquest.com/docview/304503009?accounYd=8203
• Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2010). An Overview of Integral Theory. In Integral Theory in Ac(on: Applied, Theore(cal, and Construc(ve Perspec(ves on the AQAL
Model (pp. 33–61). State University of New York Press.
• Esbjörn-Hargens, S., Zimmerman, M. (2009). Integral Ecology, Uni(ng Mul(ple Perspec(ves on the Natural World. Integral Books.
• Holling, C., & Gunderson, L. (2002). Panarchy. Island Press.
• Hollnagel, E., Paries, J., Woods, D., & Wreathall, J. (2011). Resilience Engineering in Prac(ce: A Guidebook. Ashgate.
• Lerner, R. M. (2006). Resilience as an aIribute of the developmental system: Comments on the papers of professors Masten & Wachs. Annals of the New
York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 40–51. doi:10.1196/annals.1376.005
• Linkov, I., Eisenberg, D. a., Plourde, K., Seager, T. P., Allen, J., & KoI, A. (2013). Resilience metrics for cyber systems. Environment Systems and Decisions,
33(4), 471–476. doi:10.1007/s10669-013-9485-y
• Masten, A. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.56.3.227
• Masten, A., & Obradovic, J. (2010). Disaster preparaYon and recovery: Lessons from research on resilience in human development. Ecology and Society,
13(1). Retrieved from hIp://ibcperu.org/doc/isis/8553.pdf
• Park, J., Seager, T. P., Rao, P. S. C., ConverYno, M., & Linkov, I. (2013). IntegraYng Risk and Resilience Approaches to Catastrophe Management in
Engineering Systems. Risk Analysis, 33(3), 356–67. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01885.x
• Smith, A., & SYrling, A. (2008). Social-ecological resilience and socio-technical transiYons: criYcal issues for sustainability governance. Brighton STEPS
Centre Working Paper, 8(8), 1–25. Retrieved from hIp://www.steps-centre.org/PDFs/STEPS
• Ungar, M., Ghazinour, M., & Richter, J. (2013). Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? Journal of
Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 54(4), 348–66. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12025