1. RISE OF DICTATORSHIP

2. Weimar Republic
• In 1918, A Republican Party was established in
Germany, soon after the Emperor abdicted.
• The new constitution of the state was adopted
at Weimar. Hence, the name Weimar
Constitution.
• The state running according to Weimar
Constitution came to be known as Weimar
Republic.

3. Discontent among the Germans
• The Weimar Republic accepted the TREATY
OF VERSAILLES, therefore the army hated
the Govt.
• The Govt. failed to improve the Economic
crisis; Taxation increased; industry,business &
trade came to halt; Banks collapsed; Inflation
increased and life of People became miserable.

4. ADOLF HITLER

5. NAZISM
• National Socialist Party (NAZI) was founded
in 1922 by ADOLF HITLER
• “Mein Kampf (My struggle)” is the
autobiography of Hitler which shows the
principles of Nazism.
• He hated the Republic Govt and openly called
them traitor for accepting the Treaty.

6. Ideology/ Principles
• Extreme Patriotism:
• Racial Superiority: Nordic(Aryan) Race- Rule
over world- German speaking territories
together.
• Anti Semitism : He hated Jews- Jews had no
love for Germany and Germany was defeated
in WW1- Elimination of Jews
• Opposition to Democracy
• Militarism:

7. • He raised a quasi
military group of youth
called STORM
TROOPERS. (Khaki
clads)
• They began terrorise
their opponents
• Swastik

8. Hitler- The Chancellor
• He entered Politics with Elections.
• 1928-32: Reichstag(House of Commons) had
12 members from Nazi
• 1932- Number increased to 230.
• Hitler got support from minority parties.
• 1933- Hitler became the Chancellor of
Germany.

9. Hitler- The Dictator
• 1934- Hitler assumed President ship, abolished
Fedaral System and established Centralized
Govt.
• Hitler became the Dictator of Germany.

10. Policies as Dictator- Germany
• Conversion to Nazism.
• Education Syllabus
• Extremination of Jews
• Gestapo- Undergound org. to eliminate
opposition.
• Economic Reforms
• Forced work of Scientists- Agriculture &
Industries

11. Policies as Dictator- World
• Treaty of Versailles- A mere scrap & hence no
restrictions.
• Compulsory Military Education.
• Expansion of Navy & Military
• 1935- left league
• Control over SAAR through terrorism.
• Rhine Valley
• Anti- Communism
• 1937-Pact with Italy & Japan (Berlin-Rome-Tokio
Axis)

12. Francisco Franco- Spain

13. Rise of Franco
• Monarchy rule-
Corruption, inefficiency, undeveloped
economy, poverty.
• 1931- Monarchy was overthrown & became Republic
by Moderates but it was too incapable
• Franco rose in rebellion.
• Civil War- Facist & Nazis supported him.
• League ignored Russia’s request for action.
• Hitler-Mussoloni- Franco alliance
• Civil war- Dress rehersal of World War II

14. Kemal Pasha- Turkey

15. Kemal Pasha- Turkey
• Pasha- Benevolent Dictator.
• Kemal Pasha rejected Treaty of Severs imposed
by Allies, abolised the Sultanate, Turkey-
Republic.
• He secured support from army & Nationalist.
• Reversion of Treaty- Military Power.
• Democracy, Nationalism & Secularism.
• Curbed Social Evils, Improved Financial
conditions
• Ataturk (Father of Turks)

16. Antonio de Oliveira Salazar- Portugal

17. Antonio de Oliveira Salazar- Portugal
• 1926- Overthrew Republic(1910) by army.
• Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, Economics Professor
became dictator.
• 1932-1968 Prime Minister.
• New Constitution, Authoritarian new
state, curtailed Political Freedom, Economic
Recovery.
• Strong Control on Colonies
• Neutral in WW2.

18. World War II

19. Causes of WW2
• Economic Problems
• Military Dictatorship
• Peace treaties
• Failure of League
• England’s Policy of Appeasement
(Germany against Soviet Russia)

20. Course of War
• Germany attacked Poland.
• 3 Sept,39- England & France attacked Germany
• 7 Dec,41- Japan launched air attack on Pearl
Harbour, Pacific Naval base in America.
• US declared war on Japan on next day
• 6 year long war
• 3 Continents
• Land, Air & Water