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Using CA to improve water use efficiency in wheat crops on the Branson farm in SA. Mark Branson
1. Using Conservation Agriculture to
improve water use efficiency in
wheat crops on the Branson farm in
South Australia.
Mark Branson
(B.AppSc (Agric), 2005 Nuffield Scholar,)
2. The Branson’s Family Farm
Area: 1200ha
Stockport
Lower North of South Australia
Rainfall: 425mm to 525mm
Dryland Farming System
4. Crops Grown (80%)
- Durum and Bread Wheat
- Malting Barley
- Canola
- Faba Beans
- Field Peas
- Pasture Seeds
5. Clover and Duel
Sheep –(20%) Purpose Cereal
Pastures
Self Replacing Merino Flock
And a Prime Lamb Flock
6. Water Use Efficiency (WUE)
over 23 years in wheat
4.50 100.00
5 Year Average Yield (T/Ha)
5 Year Average % Potential
95.00
4.00 90.00
85.00
3.50 80.00 Yield (T/Ha)
Yield
75.00 % Potential Yield
Linear (% Potential Yield)
3.00 70.00
65.00
2.50 60.00
55.00
2.00 50.00
1988-93
1990-94
1991-95
1992-96
1993-97
1994-98
1995-99
1996-00
1997-01
1998-02
1999-03
2000-04
2001-05
2002-06
2003-07
2004-08
2005-09
2006-10
5 Year Period
7. French/Schultz Potential Yield
Model for Wheat
Potential Yield = (GSR-110)*20
ie. If GSR = 350mm
Potential Yield = (350-110)*20 = 4800kg/ha
8. French/Schultz Potential Yield
Model for Wheat
Potential Yield = (GSR-110)*20
Potential Yield = (350-110)*20 = 4800kg/ha
If actual yield was 4000kg/ha
Then % potential yield = 4000/4800 = 83%
Ie the Water Use Efficiency is 83%
9. WUE over 23 years
4.50 100.00
5 Year Average Yield (T/Ha)
5 Year Average % Potential
95.00
4.00 90.00
85.00
3.50 80.00 Yield (T/Ha)
Yield
75.00 % Potential Yield
Linear (% Potential Yield)
3.00 70.00
65.00
2.50 60.00
55.00
2.00 50.00
1988-93
1990-94
1991-95
1992-96
1993-97
1994-98
1995-99
1996-00
1997-01
1998-02
1999-03
2000-04
2001-05
2002-06
2003-07
2004-08
2005-09
2006-10
5 Year Period
10. WUE from 1988 to 2005
4.50 100.00
5 Year Average Yield (T/ha)
5 Year Average % Potential
4.00 90.00
Yield (%)
3.50 80.00 Yield (T/Ha)
% Potential Yield
Linear (% Potential Yield)
3.00 70.00
2.50 60.00
WUE annual increase of 1.1%
2.00 50.00
1988-93
1990-94
1991-95
1992-96
1993-97
1994-98
1995-99
1996-00
1997-01
1998-02
1999-03
2000-04
2001-05
5 Year Periods
11. Years from 1988 to 2001
Farming system changes
• Introduction of Grain Legumes and Oilseed crops.
• Introduced new wheat varieties.
• Nitrogen based fertilizers introduced.
• Stubble retention enforced.
• No-Till introduced.
12. WUE from 2002 to 2010
4.00 100.00
5 Year % Potential Yield (%)
5 Year Average Yield (T/Ha)
90.00
Yield (T/Ha)
80.00 % Potential Yield
3.50 Linear (% Potential
Yield)
70.00
60.00 WUE annual increase 2%
3.00 50.00
2002-06
2003-07
2004-08
2005-09
2006-10
5 Year Period
13. Years from 2002 to 2010
Farming system changes
• No-Till enforced
• Precision Agriculture introduced
• Controlled Traffic introduced
• Introduction of using animal manures as an additional carbon source
• Growing as many high carbon crops as possible
• Inter – Row sowing introduced.
14. WUE from 2002 to 2010
4.00 100.00
5 Year % Potential Yield (%)
5 Year Average Yield (T/Ha)
90.00
Yield (T/Ha)
80.00 % Potential Yield
3.50 Linear (% Potential
Yield)
70.00
60.00 WUE annual increase 2%
3.00 50.00
2002-06
2003-07
2004-08
2005-09
2006-10
5 Year Period
20. Compaction
• When using • Most of the
random compaction
traffic in a damage is done
field, at least in the first pass.
50 % of the
field is driven
over.