Running Head CHILDREN IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY .docx

Running Head: CHILDREN IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
1
13
Children in Juvenile Delinquency
Tommy Bush Sr
Professor Newvine
Troy University
CJ 3375
November 5, 2013
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
I. Goal statement, variables, questions
P. 3
II. Hypotheses/theories
P. 3-4
III. Sampling procedure
P. 6

IV. Cover letter
P. 8
V. Questionnaire
P. 9
VI. Literature review
P.10
VII. Data analysis
P.
12
VIII. Research findings/conclusion
P. 15
IX. Problems encountered
P. 16
X. Reference list
P. 18

I. Introduction
Research project is the collection of data about a certain issue
so as to find out the cause and the solution to it. In this
research, we are going to look into minor crimes, and what are
the factors or variables are the cause of it.
Goal statement: The objective is to find out what type of kids
become delinquent in the state of Florida
Independent Variables: The five key variables that will be
explored in this research study are, age, gender, racial
differences, family environment and mental health.
Research questions
I. What do you think about the age-group of kids gets booked
for juvenile offenses more often?
II. Kids of which gender are more prone to committing juvenile
offenses?
III. Does race has any role in juvenile delinquency?
IV. What are the role and the impact of the family environment
in juvenile delinquency?
V. Is there any correlation between mental health of the kids
and juvenile delinquency committed?
II. Hypothesis/theories
H1: Kids aged 15-16 years get arrested for juvenile delinquency
more often than kids from other age group.
T1: A possible theory and explanation for the above hypothesis

is that kids at that age are more vulnerable and impressionable
and they get influenced easily by movies, peer pressure, and the
environment in which they reside. At this stage most of them
what to discover and explore what different things and what to
acquire knowledge. This is attitude of the kids at that age may
make them more inclined to commit juvenile crimes and thus
result in them getting more often than kids of the other age
groups.
H2: Male kids are booked for juvenile delinquency more than
female kids.
T2: One possible theory for this hypothesis can be that male
kids have more violent tendencies compared to their female
counterparts. Due to this assumption the male are arrested in
juvenile delinquencies more than the female.
H3: Kids from black families are more often arrested for
juvenile delinquency as compared to their counterparts from
white families.
T3: The possible theory of this is that most black families are
poor and due to poverty there is always family conflicts and
abuse. Due to these conflicts, the child grows having the
mentality of violence as his defense mechanism and therefore,
becomes aggressive and violent. It is the possibility that with
trouble at home children may behave this way and thus black
families are more often arrested for juvenile delinquency as
compared to their counterparts from white families.
H4: Kids with troubled family environment and divorced
parents are more often arrested for juvenile delinquency
T4: The possible theory for the above hypothesis is that the
environment in which a child is brought has a high impact on
his behavior. Therefore, we note that a child from a hostile

family is likely to get involved in fights which will result into a
crime. The family is first social environment to the child and it
is upon the family to make their child immoral. For instance,
there is no way a drunkard father or mother can tell his child
that alcohol is bad. The won’t stop it because he cannot see the
effect the parent is still using alcohol
H5: Kids arrested for juvenile delinquency are often diagnosed
with some sort of mental disorders
T5: The possible explanation for this is that it is possible that
children who are suffering from some mental disorder are not
able to process their feelings and emotions well. The mentally
challenged children are so violent and aggressive. This can
often lead to an outburst resulting in child engaging in violent
behavior and getting involved with juvenile delinquency.
Mostly those who are affected with mental problems are likely
to have used drugs or there parents during pregnancy and so
grow up as drug addicts.
III. Sampling procedure
The main aim of this research is to explore and determine what
kind of demographic and psychographic factors play a key role
in the behavior of delinquent kids in the state of Florida. The
key data for this research will be collected from the Florida
Department of Juvenile Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency prevention, Criminal Court of Florida and the
relevant agencies involved after we have been granted
permission. This research project will be an exploratory and
descriptive project in its nature.
For the sample size selection for this paper, we will be going
for the random selection method conducted by the computer and
that sample data will then be run for data analysis. For the
purpose of data analysis, relevant software will be used to
ensure the process is run smoothly and effectively. Possible

software to be used for the purpose are excel sheet, SPSS and or
SAP. We will also approach the law and order authorities for
their cooperation in the research and sharing of additional data
as well as insights to support our research and analysis on this
subject.
The research project will focus on collecting all the data in
relation to child delinquency arrests over the last one year plan
and questionnaire with the authorities to get their approval.
Once that is done the research will move on to the central task
of collection of data. The key parameters to focus on during
data collection process are; age, gender, racial differences,
family environment and the mental health. There will be also
random sampling of information from different including those
under the age of 13-18.
With this research project we aim to help the law and order
department, the NGOs, and the judicial system to look at this
from a proactive perspective and identify potential defaulters on
this front. This will help in taking action before and to ensure
the children are prevented from committing crime. The results
of the final report will be published in crime related journals in
the country.
IV. Cover letter
Tommy K. Bush Sr.
7200 Lexi Cir

Navarre, Fl. 32566
November 11, 2013,
Florida Department of Juvenile Justice,
32399-3100.
Tallahassee, Florida.
Attn:
RE: RESEARCH PROJECT
Dear Mr. O’Dell,
I am the named person above conducting a research project
concerning the kind of demographic and psychographic factors
on the type of kids engage in delinquency in the state of
Florida. The principal aim of this research is help the law and
order department, the Non-governmental organizations and the
judicial system to understand the type of kids that become
delinquent so as to look at this from a proactive perspective and
identify potential defaulters on this front and also find a remedy
for that. The copy of approval from the law and order
department and also a copy of the questionnaire have been
attached for your review and for your support in carrying out
this research.
Looking forward for your acceptance and assistance in
collecting data. Thank you.
Yours faithful,
Tommy K. Bush Sr.

//TKB//
V. Questionnaire
This copy off questionnaire is well developed to acquire the
most accurate information concerning the issue of juvenile
delinquent and the influence of it. Please take your time and
answer the following. I appreciate.
INSTRUCTIONS: Tick the appropriate answer correctly and
write where necessary.
1. Gender
A. male
B. female

2. Do you think the age of the minor has an impact on
delinquency?
A. yes
B. No
If yes give the reason…
3. Among the genders which one do you think is more
vulnerable to delinquency?
A. male
B. Female
Why?
4. Do you agree that the race has an influence on juvenile
delinquency?
A. yes
B. No
If yes why?
5. Can the family environment lead to juvenile delinquency?
A. yes B.No
6. Children from poor background, are they vulnerable to the
delinquency?

A. yes
B. No
6. With which of the following do you agree?
A. The mental ability of the child has an effect on the
delinquency
B The mental ability of the minor has no effect with minor
crime.
VI. Literature review
Upon review of the article entitled juvenile delinquency and
justice in contemporary china a critical review of the literature
over 15yrs written by Zhang, Lening.crime, law and social
change 50.3(October 2008):149-160, it was found that factors
that cause delinquency is the individual factors, group factors
and institutional factors.
The article is about child delinquency in china where it states
that china is largely populated nation with about 360 million
juveniles who are under 18 (pg. 34) and is moving towards a
market economy since 1970s juvenile delinquency is also
increasing. It was found that youth’s crime has been increasing
especially in between the ages of 14 to 18 whereby the youths
engage in smoking and drinking making them to commit crimes
where they find themselves arrested. Juvenile offenses were
compared with other countries and were found that the number
of minor crimes in china is lower than the number in other
countries like us. This shows how the environment has a
significant impact on the child’s behavior.
The research was conducted on group factors such as peer
group, gender and youth gangs where it was noted that youth

friends were commonly arrested and factors like family also had
an influence. For instance the family socio-economic factors
were negatively associated with child delinquency. Lack of
parental guidance and monitoring was also a cause for
delinquency in that girls were more monitored than girls that is
why the level of male kids being arrested is high than that of
girls.
School as a conventional institution has also a great influence
on child delinquency through socialization. School as
socializing agent may socialize the child negatively leading to
misbehaviors and even taking alcohol. Earlier enough there
were no juvenile courts but due to increased numbers of minor
criminal the Chinese juvenile system was opened so as to cub
the increasing situation and the system included , the police, the
people’s procurator rate, the juvenile court and corrections
(Zhao 34). In conclusion child delinquency should be corrected
when the bad behavior is still in its early stage.
Upon review of an article entitled social influence on juvenile
delinquency in Kuwait it was found that the way a child is
interacted in the family and community has a great influence in
his behavior which may or may not lead to minor crimes? For
instance in this article it is stated that the family, peer, culture
and social psychological factors have an influence on juvenile
delinquency. The analysis of the data was guide by three
criminological theories which include social control, social
learning and social strain theory. They collected information
from 633 Kuwait teenagers from age 13-18 years. The sample
was collected from arrested minors and what was found was that
the most of the children were poor. This justifies the point that
the family background of the child influences delinquency. Due
to war that was experienced in Kuwait the number of juvenile
has been increasing where by in 1982 the number rose 87% and
66% of the offenders were immigrants. The research was
conducted between 1981-1997. Their main concern was how

socialization affects the child into turning to be a criminal.
VII. Data analysis
From the random sampling that was conducted the following
data analysis was arrived to in accordance to each hypothesis of
the research. The data that was collected was then interpreted in
form of table for easier understanding of what was being
collected.
Age distribution table per year
Age
No. of kids arrested
Percentage (%)
9yrs
12
6.25%
10-13yrs
36
18.75
14-18yrs
144
75%
total
192
10%
From the above information it shows the number of kids who
are arrested and there we note that those who are 14-18yrs are
the dominant. This is because at this interval most of the minors
are in adolescent stage and so are in the stage of discovery. Due
to this most of them end up committing crimes landing them in
juvenile courts.

Distribution of gender
gender
Number of kids arrested
Percentage (%)
male
112
58.33
female
80
41.67
total
192
100%
From the data (to the left) it is noted that male children are the
most arrested because a great deal are highly aggressive more
so than the female counterparts and also more females are under
better guidance than the males as well. Due to lack of proper
guidance from the parents they end finding themselves in bad
companies.
Distribution of race
race
Number of kids arrested
Percentage (%)
black
110
52.29%
white
82
42.71%
total
192
100%
From the data above the children from Black families are the

most arrested due to poverty and many problems from their
background/communities. The poverty causes them to enter into
criminal activities such as pick pocketing.
Distribution data of mental health and environment
Average children who get arrested
Mentally challenged who get arrested
total
Poor families
100
132
232
Rich families
56
90
146
total
156
222
378
The above table shows that most of the children who engage in
criminal activities are those who are mentally challenged
because they do things that their minds cannot conceive; nor do
they ponder the consequences they will come to bear as a result
of their actions. The poor families also have a large number of
children in delinquency because they become street children so
as to be able to cater for themselves.
"Based on a sample size of _________, this produces a sampling
error of ________% based on a _______% confidence interval"
(Babbie, 1989, p.A32). (still working this aspect)
VIII. Research findings/conclusion
From the data collected from different agencies which may

include, Florida Department of Juvenile justice, Office of
Juvenile Justice and Department of Prevention, and Criminal
courts of Florida’ it was found that juvenile delinquency has
been increasing as the time goes by. Although people are aware
of the minor criminals, communities ignore the facts associated
with these future criminals. They are awakened when the child
has already grown into adulthood and is now adjudicated as an
adult when and in reality the behavior was there when he or she
was still a child. It has been found that the male children are the
most arrested than the girls because of lack of supervision. Most
families give much protection to girls leaving boys to guide
themselves and in turn make wrong decision about their lives
and end up in bad gangs and are influenced by their peers.
The environment in which the children are reared has an
enormous influence in his behavior. Children from poor families
have been found in large number because, due to lack of basic
needs they end up in the streets just to find means of survival
and as a result end up as thieves and small time criminals. Some
children are brought up in hostile families where vulgar
language is used and when he socializes with others he ends up
engaging in fights thinking it is the way to resolve problems.
From the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice it was found
that children between the age of 14-18 years are the most likely
of children groups who get themselves detained, due to the fact
during this age period most of them are in there adolescence
stage and therefore are eager to explore what happens in their
environment around them. It was found that this is the time
most 14-18 years are making friends and also copying the
behaviors of fellow teenagers for which they are trying to
impress and this places them mostly in bad groups. During the
adolescent stage most parents are not keen in what is going on
in their children’s life and are left on their own and as a result
they end up misbehaving.

In conclusion we note that child delinquency is caused
depending on the environment in which an individual is brought
in. To prevent this proper guidance is needed for children and
also their needs should be met.
IX. Problems encountered
During the performing of this research various problems were
encountered and they include:
Lack of time to fully explore the research as was expected,
during the research, time was extremely inadequate and
therefore the completion of the questionnaire was not fully
fulfilled. The interview to numerous different members for data
collection was not fully satisfied due to time inadequacy.
Lack of cooperation from the intended persons, during the
collection of figures from some people was uncooperative and
some did not reply to the questionnaire as it was a required data
sheet. Some persons especially the parents were extremely
hostile and were not willing and sometimes were not able due to
literally factors that prohibited the answering of the
questionnaire.
Lack of funds to perform the research, the research required a
lot of funds especially for travelling purpose to the intended
areas such as visiting the Florida department of law and justice.
Long distance during the research distance and travel became
tiresome and also expensive and therefore hindered the
performance of the experiment and led to the use of phones for
research. The information collected on the phone was brief and
limited due to high caller hang ups and time constrains.
X. Reference list
References

Alsaleh, A. A. (2002). Social influence on juvenile delinquency
in Kuwait. (Order no, 3063638, Mississippi state university).
ProQuest Dissertation Theses, 142
Babbie, E. (1989) The Practice of Social Research: Appendix
G. P. 32 and pp. 165-191
Craig S. Schwalbe, Tina Maschi. Law and Human Behavior,
vol.31, No.5 (Oct, 2007), pp.449-462
Hoyt, s, & Scherer, D.G. (1998). Female juvenile delinquency:
Misunderstood by the juvenile justice system, neglected by
social science. Law and human Behavior, 22(1), 81-107.
Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1998). Development of
juvenile aggression and violence: some common misconceptions
and controversies. American Psychologist, 53(2), 242.
Stephen A. Cernkovich, Peggy C, Giordano. The Sociological
Quarterly, vol.20, no.1 (winter, 1979), pp.131-145
Zhang, L. (2008). Juvenile delinquency and justice in
contemporary china: A critical review of the literature over 15
years. Crime, law and social change, 50(3). 149-160.
EXAMPLES OF DATA TABLE CONSTRUCTION
UNIVARIATE = one variable
Distribution of Gender
Males 9 60%
Females 6 40%
Totals 15 100%
BIVARIATE = two variables
Distribution of Gender and Race
White Black Totals
Males 5 4 9
(60%)
Females 3 3 6 (40%)

Totals 8 7 15
(100%)
MULTIVARIATE = 3 or more variables
Distribution of Gender, Marital Status &
Education (set up)
Single Married Divorced
M F M F M F
Educ.
How to calculate sampling error and confidence level from the
data table on gender:
.60 x .40/15 = .24/15=.016 and then hit the square root key
which gives you .1264911 X 2 = .2529 rounded off to .25 or
25%. This becomes your sampling error and then substract that
from 100% = 75% confidence level.
You use this formula to figure out the sampling error and
confidence level for your own project.
THIS PAPER IS AN EXAMPLE OF A SCIENTIFIC METHODS
RESEARCH PROJECT AND IS NOT TO BE COPIED AND
USED AS YOUR OWN WORK. THIS IS INTENDED TO
ASSIST YOU ONLY AS A GUIDE AND TO SHOW YOU
WHAT A FINISHED PROJECT WILL OR RATHER SHOULD
LOOK LIKE.
THE FIRST PAGE OF YOUR PROJECT WILL BE THE TITLE
PAGE
TITLE OF PROJECT

BY: (your name)
CLASS: CJ3375DL (term ?)
anything else you want to add
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.
GOAL STATEMENT, VARIABLES, QUESTIONS
P. #
II.
HYPOTHESES/THEORIES
P. #
III.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
P. #
IV.
COVER LETTER
P. #
V.
QUESTIONNAIRE

P. #
VI.
LITERATURE REVIEW
P. #’s
VII.
DATA ANALYSIS
P. #’s
VIII.
RESEARCH FINDINGS/CONCLUSION
P. #
IX.

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
P. #
X.
REFERENCE LIST
P. #
Double space this page and don’t forget to add your page
numbers in
I.
INTRODUCTION
GOAL STATEMENT: To find out who gets arrested for
Driving Under the Influence more often in the State of Florida.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: needs five variables
Gender
Select five and relate the variable to the goal statement..I gave
you one .already .you select four more
RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.
What gender is arrested more often for DUI?
2.
3.
4.
5.
**NOTE: THESE QUESTIONS ARE QUESTIONS THAT YOU
ARE ASKING YOURSELF AT THIS POINT ABOUT YOUR
TOPIC...THINGS THAT YOU WANT TO KNOW.
ALSO THIS IS ALL THAT GOES ON THIS PAGE!
*NOTE: YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO SELECT THE TOPIC
OF DUI ARRESTS...THIS IS TO BE USED AS AN EXAMPLE
ONLY...DO NOT COPY!
II.
HYPOTHESES/THEORIES
H1:
MALES ARE ARRESTED MORE OFTEN FOR DUI THAN
FEMALES.

T1:
The possible theory surrounding this hypothesis is because
possibly more men frequent drinking establishments after
working long hours and due to the stress of their home lives
may be inclined to drink more than females thus encountering
law enforcement more often while driving home; and therefore
will be arrested more often than females.
You need a hypothesis and theory for each one of your
variables..a theory is an explanation of why you believe your
statement to be true.
*NOTE: YOU WOULD CONTINUE ON CREATING
HYPOTHESES AND THEORIES FOR EACH OF YOUR
VARIABLES....KEEP THESE IN THE SAME ORDER AS
YOUR VARIABLES AND QUESTIONS. BASICALLY TURN
YOUR QUESTIONS INTO STATEMENTS OF FACT.
III.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
This research project is being conducted to find out what types
of demographic factors are involved with those who are arrested
most often for driving under the influence of alcohol within the
State of Florida. This research will be descriptive in nature. I
intend to take a random sample of all DUI arrests per county.
This will be done via a computer selection process after all data
is entered into a data analysis program such as SPSS or Excel.
Due to the accessibility and availability of all police reports
through the Florida Department of Law Enforcement and
various departmental agencies, a cover letter will be sent to all
agencies within the State after obtaining prior approvals
through governing bodies. Once approvals are received, then
data collection will begin. The time frame for collection and
analysis will be approximately one year. Questionnaires will

be mailed to the Chiefs of Police and County Sheriff's so they
know what data is required for analysis. I intend to review all
DUI arrest data for a period for a period of one year. I will
gather demographic data concerning gender, race, age, marital
status, educational level, employment status, prior DUI
convictions/arrests and any other pertinent data that will assist
me in this project.
This project is intended to assist law enforcement, corrections,
the judicial system and drug and alcohol treatment centers by
targeting and hopefully arriving at a profile for those who may
be inclined to drink and drive or perhaps have alcohol related
problems. This project will be published in an academic as
well as trade journal in order to provide future assistance in
treating those who have problems and may be inclined to drink,
drive and become a hazard on our roadways.
"Based on a sample size of _________, this produces a sampling
error of ________% based on a _______% confidence interval"
(Babbie, 1989, p.A32).
***NOTE: THIS IS HOW YOUR SAMPLING PROCEDURE
SHOULD BE LAID OUT...DOUBLE SPACED. (Don’t copy
mine word for word either yours will be different depending on
where you get your data from.
IV.
COVER LETTER
DATE: (make up this information for an agency etc.)
Name of Addressee
Address
City, State, Zip

Attn:
RE: Research Proposal
Dear Sir/Madam:
Hello, my name is ( your name) and I am conducting a research
project concerning demographic information on the types of
people who are arrested for DUI most often within the State of
Florida. This research is being conducted in order to assist
other agencies, the law enforcement and criminal justice
community in order to understand the types of people who drink
and drive. This research will be published nationally and I will
be happy to furnish you a copy of the results. I have enclosed a
copy of the approval from the Florida Department of Law
Enforcement and Attorney General's office in Tallahassee for
your review also. I would appreciate your assistance in my data
collection and am requesting all data concerning DUI arrests
made for the year 1999-2000. I have also enclosed for your
convenience a copy of the questionnaire which discusses what
information is needed and the format for such information.
Also enclosed for your convenience is a self-addressed
envelope.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me
at the phone number provided on this letterhead or via my email
address. Thanking you in advance for your cooperation in this
very important research project.
Respectfully,
Your name
Title,

Enclosures (2)
**NOTE THIS IS HOW A FORMAL LETTER IS TO BE
DESIGNED. OBVIOUSLY YOURS WILL MAKE DIFFERENT
STATEMENTS DEPENDING ON YOUR PROJECT!
V.
QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire is designed to obtain the most accurate
response concerning the issue of Driving Under the Influence
and the characteristics of those who have been arrested for DUI.
Please take a moment and fill out the following. Thank you.
INSTRUCTIONS: Please circle the most appropriate response
to each question.
1.
What is your gender?
a.
male
b.
female
2.
You will have questions for each of your variables and
obviously a question that applies to your goal statement also.
*NOTE: THIS QUESTIONNAIRE WOULD BE WHAT YOU
WOULD GIVE OUT TO THE INDIVIDUAL IF YOU WERE
COLLECTING YOUR OWN DATA.

VII.
LITERATURE REVIEW
This section would contain a brief of the journal article that you
read. A literature review tells you what other research has been
done on your topic. This literature review must be done in APA
format and is basically a article brief. You are telling me what
another person has said.
You must use only academic journals...not newspapers, Time
Magazine, books, internet, etc. IT MUST BE AN ACADEMIC
SOURCE IN ORDER TO OBTAIN FULL CREDIT.
See below for example:
Article #1
Upon review of the article entitled "Stages of Change and Self-
Efficacy for Controlling Drinking and Driving: A Psychometric
Analysis" in the Journal of Addictive Behaviors, by Elizabeth
Wells-Parker, Marsha Williams, Patricia Dill and Deric Kenne
(1998), volume 23, number 3, it was found that motivation to
change and self-efficacy appear as interim measures of DUI
intervention programs (p.353).
*NOTE: AT THIS POINT, YOU CONTINUE ON AND TELL
ME WHAT THE ARTICLE IS ABOUT...BASICALLY, YOU
ARE BRIEFING THE ARTICLE IN APPROXIMATELY TWO
TO THREE PAGES DOUBLE SPACED, APA FORMAT.
YOU ARE TELLING ME WHAT THE RESEARCHERS FOUND

AND HOW THIS APPLIES TO YOUR OWN RESEARCH.
*** I WOULD PUT ONE ARTICLE ON EACH PAGE RATHER
THAN COMBINING BOTH ARTICES INTO ONE MAJOR
BRIEF. ****
IX.
DATA ANALYSIS
** PUT ONE DATA TABLE AND YOUR ANALYSIS ON
EACH PAGE....DO NOT COMBINE DATA TABLES
TOGETHER.
DISTRIBUTION OF GENDER AND DUI ARRESTS
DUI Arrests
Males
1200
(60%)
Females
800 (40%)
Totals

2000 (100%)
The above Table supports Hypothesis H1 which states that more
males are arrested for DUI than females. The data suggests
that out of a total of 2000 samples, 60% were males.
*** at this point you are probably thinking...heck I have tons of
room left over. Basically the room is there in case you want to
put in tables, bar graphs, pie charts or other illustrations. THIS
IS NOT A REQUIREMENT TO HAVE EXTRA...ALL I WANT
IS TO SEE YOUR DATA TABLE AND YOUR BRIEFLY
WRITTEN ANALYSIS.
You will have one data table for each hypothesis/theory
X.
RESEARCH FINDINGS/CONCLUSION (separate page)
Discuss your findings and if you supported your hypotheses,
etc.
XI.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED (separate page)
discuss what problems you encountered with obtaining your
data if any..make something up because in real research you’d
have tons of problems.
XII.
REFERENCES (separate page)
APA format....authors last name (alphabetical order), first
initial (year) "name of article"; Journal name Underlined,

volume, etc.
Babbie, E. (1989) The Practice of Social Research: Appendix
G. P. 32 and pp. 165-191

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