Dark patterns through the lens of Accessibility
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Exploring Dark Patterns with a conversation about how these patterns affect folks who use assistive technology
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Dark patterns through the lens of Accessibility
- 1. Dark Patterns through the lens of Accessibility Presented at A11yCampBay 2019 by @JoeDevon
- 2. What are Dark Patterns? “A user interface that has been carefully crafted to trick users into doing things” —DarkPatterns.org
- 3. A little video example I came across while researching Dark Patterns
- 5. Agenda: 1. Background of Dark Patterns research 2. Show examples 3. Hear YOUR experiences with each pattern from #a11y perspective
- 6. History of Dark Patterns Harry Brignull (@harrybr) coined the term Brignull started a website, DarkPatterns.org dedicated to popularizing the Pattern Library Identified12 Dark Patterns denoted on the next slide
- 7. Brignull’s 12 Dark Patterns 1. Bait and Switch 2. Confirmshaming 3. Disguised Ads 4. Forced Continuity 5. Friend Spam 6. Hidden Costs 7. Misdirection 8. Price Comparison Prevention 9. Roach Motel 10.Sneak into Basket 11.Trick Questions 12.Privacy Zuckering
- 8. Something is missing Anything bother you about this list? The last Dark Pattern was personal The categorization is lacking robustness
- 9. Wikipedia entry is light
- 11. Archive.org had the answer
- 12. Be a good Citizen, update Wikipedia
- 13. Good ole Reddit
- 14. And finally found some academics on it at UXP2
- 15. Time to be a good Citizen again, Wikidata this time
- 16. Finally have a robust framework: Purdue
- 17. Purdue’s Strategy #1: Nagging “Redirection of expected functionality that persists beyond one or more interactions”
- 18. Map Service Doozy You are nagged constantly to enable location services
- 19. Map Service Doozy Continued NOW you can select “Don’t show again”
- 20. Music Service Example “Music service requires you to opt out of sharing EVERY 6 HOURS”
- 21. Brignull’s Confirm Shaming “The act of guilting the user into opting in…The option to decline is worded in such a way as to shame the user into compliance”
- 24. Last thoughts on Strategy #1: Nagging? Do you have an example of Purdue’s Nagging Strategy you want to share?
- 25. Purdue Strategy #2: Obstruction “Making a process more difficult than it needs to be, with the intent of dissuading certain action(s)”
- 28. Brignull’s Roach Motel “The design makes it very easy for you to get into a certain situation, but then makes it hard for you to get out of it (e.g. a subscription)”
- 29. There is no way to unsubscribe from this Streaming Sports channel
- 30. If you want to close an account w/ this postal service provider you must call
- 31. Brignull’s Forced Continuity “When your free trial with a service comes to an end and your credit card silently starts getting charged without any warning. You are then not given an easy way to cancel the automatic renewal”
- 32. Streaming Service makes it hard to unsubscribe after 30 day trial
- 33. Brignull’s Price Comparison Prevention “The retailer makes it hard for you to compare the price of an item with another item, so you cannot make an informed decision”
- 34. Unclear what features each tier offers. Free tier lets you browse only. Useless w/o paid account
- 35. Last thoughts on Strategy #2: Obstruction? Do you have an example of Purdue’s Obstruction Strategy you want to share?
- 36. Purdue’s Strategy #3: Sneaking “Attempting to hide, disguise, or delay the divulging of information that is relevant to the user”
- 37. Brignull’s Sneak Into Basket “You attempt to purchase something, but somewhere in the purchasing journey the site sneaks an additional item into your basket, often through the use of an opt-out radio button or checkbox on a prior page”
- 38. When you purchase one thing, the fine print auto signs you up for membership
- 39. Brignull’s Bait & Switch “The user sets out to do one thing, but a different, undesirable thing happens instead”
- 43. Brignull’s Hidden Costs “You get to the last step of the checkout process, only to discover some unexpected charges have appeared, e.g. delivery charges, tax, etc”
- 44. Travel site advertises rates 250% lower than total price!
- 45. Brignull’s Misdirection “The design purposefully focuses your attention on one thing in order to distract your attention from another”
- 46. Total price appears to be 327, the taxes & service charge are obscured
- 47. Last thoughts on Strategy #3: Sneaking? Do you have an example of Purdue’s Sneaking Strategy you want to share?
- 48. Purdue’s Strategy #4: Interface Interference “Manipulation of the user interface that privileges certain actions over others”
- 49. Brignull’s Trick Questions “You respond to a question, which, when glanced upon quickly appears to ask one thing, but if read carefully, asks another thing entirely.”
- 50. Double negative to trick you into subscribing
- 51. Brignull’s Disguised Ads “Adverts that are disguised as other kinds of content or navigation, in order to get you to click on them”
- 52. Search Engine makes paid ads look like search results
- 53. Tiny X
- 54. Tricky X
- 56. Change default search engine on software upgrade
- 58. Newspaper Example spans 4 strategies!
- 59. Newspaper Example spans 4 categories!
- 61. Newspaper Example finally a price: $7/wk
- 62. Last thoughts on #4: Interface Interference? Do you have an example of Purdue’s Interface Interference Strategy you want to share?
- 63. Purdue #5: Forced Action “Requiring the user to perform a certain action to access (or continue to access) certain functionality”
- 64. Brignull’s Friend Spam “The product asks for your email or social media permissions under the pretense it will be used for a desirable outcome (e.g. finding friends), but then spams all your contacts in a message that claims to be from you”
- 65. Users pressured to invite friends to access certain features
- 66. Brignull’s Privacy Zuckering “You are tricked into publicly sharing more information about yourself than you really intended to. Named after Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg”
- 67. Privacy Zuckering Example Tricked into sharing health data
- 68. Example Continued Tricked into sharing health data
- 71. Case Study continued: Opt-out not styled like a button
- 72. Last thoughts on Strategy #5: Forced Action? Do you have an example of Purdue’s Forced Action Strategy you want to share?
- 73. More Research needed I suggest contacting the researchers and urging them to include Accessibility as a separate category of research Children are another category deserving of attention, as they are more likely to be impacted by Dark Patterns Anyone have more to add on the Research Angle?