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Chapter 01
1. Hazardous Materials for
First Responders
4th Edition
Chapter 1 — Introduction to
Hazardous Materials
2. What is a Haz Mat ?
Any material that possesses an unreasonable risk to
the health and safety of persons and/or environment if
not properly controlled during
handling, storage, manufacturing, processing, packagin
g, use, disposal, or transport.
When used as weapons – WMD
Millions of tons produced, stored and transported yearly
1–1
3. What makes a hazardous
materials incident different?
Click
image to
play
1–2
4. REVIEW QUESTION
How are hazardous materials incidents
different from other types of
emergencies?
1–3
6. There are six levels of training
according to NFPA® standards.
Haz Mat Haz Mat Private
Haz Mat
Awareness Operations Branch Incident Sector
Technician
Officer Commander Specialist
1–5
7. There are five levels of training
according to OSHA standards.
Haz Mat On Scene
Haz Mat
Awareness Operations Branch Incident
Technician
Officer Commander
1–6
13. Cold temperatures can present
unique dangers when working with
cryogenic and liquefied gases.
Liquefied
Cryogen
gas
Instantly
freeze
materials
(Continued)
1–12
14. Cryogenic and liquefied gases
can boil into a much larger
vapor cloud.
Courtesy of Steve Irby, Owasso Fire Department
1–14
15. WARNING!
Any clothing saturated with a cryogenic
material may be removed immediately.
This actions is particularly important if
the vapors are flammable or oxidizers.
A first responder could not escape
flames from clothing-trapped vapors if
they were to ignite.
1–15
16. Elevated temperature materials
can ignite flammable and
combustible materials.
Require Increase
Examples extreme heat
caution effects
1–16
17. The U.S. DOT definition of
elevated-temperature material.
Click for
next slide
1–17
20. Types of Ionizing Radiation
• Alpha • Beta
positive particle + or – electron
lose energy rapidly from manufactured
very harmful if and natural sources
ingested or inhaled less damaging than
can be stopped by alpha over same dist.
paper can be stopped by
clothing
Haz Mat
1–20
21. Types
Gamma Neutron
high energy photons ultra high energy no
natural and industrial electrical charge
sources fission reactions
easily passes through the labs and nuclear power
human body plants
no protection with ppe,
needs 2ft of concrete, thick
earth or 2inches of lead
i.e x-ray
Haz Mat for First
Responders
1–21
22. Each type of ionizing radiation has
a different penetrating power.
1–22
23. Exposure or Contamination
• Exposure • Contamination
occurs while you are material remains on
near a radiological a person after coming
source and biological into contact with
damage occurs material – can be
external, internal or
both
Haz Mat for First
Responders
1–23
24. Radiation Health Effects
• Acute dose • Chronic dose
short term exposure small amounts over
can be permissible time
most no health the body is better
effects equipped to handle
others are deadly this type
i.e. nuclear bomb can cause cancer
Haz Mat for First
Responders
1–24
25. Asphyxiation Hazards
• Two Classes
Simple – Gases that replace oxygen
Chemical – substances that prohibit the
body from using oxygen
1–25
26. Chemical Hazards
• Toxicity of chemical
• Route of exposure
• Nature of exposure
• Other factors i.e. age, health
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–26
31. Carcinogens
• Refers to a material with cancer-causing
potential.
• Most commonly used category.
• Two categories
–Known
–52 chemicals
–Suspected (majority)
–176 chemicals
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–31
34. Microorganisms that may cause
severe, disabling disease or illness.
Health Image Library
Courtesy of CDC Public
Courtesy of CDC Public
Health Image Library
Virus
Bacteria
Ricin
1–35
35. Etiological
• Viruses - simplest microorganisms, can only replicate
in a living host
• Bacteria – single celled, most do not cause disease,
the ones that do invade tissue or produce toxins
• Rickettsia – specialized bacteria live in intestinal
tracked of a host
• Biological – produced by living organisms, usually not
harmful , altered by man as a weapon
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–36
36. Biological Hazards
• Found at: Med. Labs, human carriers,
crime scenes, terrorist incidents
• Infectious diseases may or may not be
contagious
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–37
37. Biological Weapons
• Ricin
• Smallpox
• Anthrax
• Botulism
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–38
45. Routes Of Entry
NYS and Others
In place of skin contact use:
Injection
Absorption
1–49
46. Injection
• Body fluids.
• Most common exposure.
• Fluid pushed into skin by air.
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–50
47. Absorption
• Entry is via skin, the body's largest
organ.
• Skin absorption is relatively low when
wearing PPE.
• Bunker gear slows absorption, but does
not stop it.
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–51
49. United States Haz-Mat
Regulations
• Department of Transportation (DOT)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Comprehensive, Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
• Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA)
(Continued)
1–53
50. United States Haz-Mat
Regulations
• Environmental Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)
• Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA)
• Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
• Department of Labor (DOL)
(Continued)
1–54
51. United States Haz-Mat
Regulations
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
• Department of Homeland Security
(DHS)
• Consumer Product Safety Commission
(CPSC)
• Department of Energy (DOE)
(Continued)
1–56
52. United States Haz-Mat
Regulations
• Department of Defense Explosives
Safety Board (DDESB), Department of
Defense (DoD)
• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms,
and Explosives (ATF), Department of
Treasury
• Department of Justice (DOJ)
1–57
53. Haz Mat Regulation Agencies
• Four main
DOT
EPA
DOL (OSHA)
NRC
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–59
54. DOT
• Title 49 CFR – Hazardous Materials
Regulations (HMR)- Transportation
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–60
56. CERCLA (Superfund Act)
• Requirements for closed and abandoned waste site
• Liability of persons responsible for waste releases at
these sites
• Trust fund for cleanup when responsible parties go
unidentified
• Authorized 2 response actions
1. Quick removal when prompt action is required
2. long term actions to permanently remove or
reduce hazard
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–62
57. SARA
• Stressed permanent remedies
• New enforcement and settlement tools
• Increased state involvement
• Increased focus on human health problems
• Encouraged citizen participation on site cleanup
• Increased the size of trust fund
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–63
58. EPCRA (Title III SARA)
• State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)
Emergency Planning Districts
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–64
59. Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA)
• Gave the EPA authority to control
hazardous waste and hold parties
accountable for what they produce
(cradle to grave)
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–65
60. DOL
• Created OSHA
• Created Title 29 CFR – HAZWOPER
regulations and others
Haz Mat for First Responders
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61. NRC
• Regulates power plants as well as commercial and
civilian use of nuclear material
• Dose limits for workers
• Monitoring and labeling of radioactive material
• Requirements for theft or loss
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–67
62. Other Agencies
• DOE – nuclear research and defense
• DHS – 3 missions; prevent terrorist attacks, reduce
our vulnerability to attacks, minimize damage from
potential attacks and natural disasters
• Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
• Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board
(DDESB), Department of Defense (DOD)
• ATF, Dept. of Treasury
• DOJ
Haz Mat for First Responders
1–68
64. Mexican Regulations and
Definitions
• Secretaría de Comunicaciones y
Transportes (SCT)
• Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y
Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT)
• Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social
(STPS)
1–70
67. DISCUSSION QUESTION
Which mode of transportation is MOST
likely to have a haz mat transportation
incident?
1–74
68. Summary
• First responders must understand their
roles and limitations at haz mat
emergencies.
• Numerous government agencies and
government regulations play important
roles in how hazardous materials are
manufactured, used, transported, and
disposed of. (Continued)
1–75
69. Summary
• Haz mat incidents typically involve
certain types of materials, but first
responders must be prepared to deal
with any emergencies.
1–76
